《預(yù)防化學(xué)物質(zhì)暴露》ppt課件-文庫吧
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【正文】 osure預(yù)防化學(xué)品暴露 Toxic effects毒性作用 Local at point of contact. 局部 接觸點發(fā)作 Systemic site away from point of contact. Where it lands. 全部 包括接觸點以外的部位。涉及的所有范圍。 Acute effects occur very quickly. 急性 迅速產(chǎn)生毒性作用 Chronic may take months or even years for result to show. 慢性 毒性作用可能需要幾個月甚至幾年的時間顯現(xiàn)。 Fine Chemicals Page 6 Date StandardPresentationengl The Fine Art of Fine Chemicals174。 FCFEA / Preventing chemical exposure預(yù)防化學(xué)物質(zhì)暴露 Routes of entry 攝入途徑 Inhalation Exposure to gas, vapour or dust. 吸入 與氣體，蒸汽或灰塵接觸 Skin contact Poor hygiene, splashing and absorption. 皮膚接觸 簡陋衛(wèi)生條件，化學(xué)物質(zhì)飛濺，然后被皮膚吸收 Ingestion Poor and swallowing. 攝食 簡陋的衛(wèi)生條件，咳嗽，吞咽。 Injection Sharps, glassware. 注射 鋒利物刺入，玻璃制品。 Fine Chemicals Page 7 Date StandardPresentationengl The Fine Art of Fine Chemicals174。 FCFEA / Preventing chemical exposure預(yù)防化學(xué)物質(zhì)暴露 Asphyxiants Simple and chemical. N2 CO. 窒息型 簡易直接的化學(xué)物質(zhì)，如 N2 CO. Irritants Solvents. Dust. Nickel itch.(watch straps and jewellery). 刺激型 溶劑，粉塵，鎳的癢痛刺激（手表帶和首飾）。 Corrosives Acids, Alkalines. 腐蝕性 酸，堿 Narcotics CNS Central Nervous System Common solvents, Toluene, Xylene, MIBK. 麻醉型 CNS中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng) 普通溶劑，甲苯，二甲苯，甲基異丁基酮。 Sensitizers Lung and Skin. 致敏性 肺和皮膚 Mutagens change in DNA. 致突變 DNA改變 Carcinogens constant cell growth to outgrow blood supply and tissue /ans suffer damage. 致癌變 持續(xù)的細(xì)胞增長超過血液供應(yīng)能力，組織 /器官受到破壞 Reproductive/Teratogenic adverse effects on reproductive mechanisms or fetus. 生殖 /致畸形 對于生殖系統(tǒng)或胎兒的反作用 Types of effects作用類型 Fine Chemicals Page 8 Date StandardPresentationengl The Fine Art of Fine Chemicals174。 FCFEA / Preventing chemical exposure BRAIN CNS Solvents. 大腦 中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)溶媒 EYES Lachrymators. 眼睛 催淚物質(zhì) LIVER tetrachloride. 肝臟 酒精、四氯化碳 KIDNEYS . 腎臟 鎘、汞、鉛 SKINDegreasers, solvents 皮膚 脫脂劑、溶劑 The total surface area of the skin is around 皮膚表面積大概為 LUNGSGas. Vapour, particles. 肺 氣體、水蒸氣、微粒 BONE Lead. 骨頭 鉛 BloodBenzene, CO, Nitrites and Nitrates. 血液 苯，一氧化碳，亞硝酸鹽，硝酸鹽 Target Organs. 目標(biāo)器官 Fine Chemicals Page 9 Date StandardPresentationengl The Fine Art of Fine Chemicals174。 FCFEA / Preventing Chemical Exposure預(yù)防化學(xué)物質(zhì)暴露 Chinese Regulations 國家相關(guān)規(guī)定 Requires that exposure to hazardous substances must be prevented (by elimination or substitution) or be adequately controlled. 要求必須防止有害物質(zhì)的接觸（通過清除或替換）或者對其采取有效的控制。 Fine Chemicals Page 10 Date StandardPresentationengl The Fine Art of Fine Chemicals174。 FCFEA / Prevention of Chemical Exposure預(yù)防化學(xué)物質(zhì)暴露 Three locations where control can be achieved. 可以在三處實現(xiàn)控制。 At source. 源頭
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