醫(yī)學(xué)遺傳學(xué))11人類染色體畸變-文庫(kù)吧
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【正文】 ? Industrial poisons 苯、甲苯、鋁、砷、二硫化碳、氯丁二稀、氯乙烯單體 Medical Geics ? Food additive Preservative(防腐劑 ),pigment(色素 ),AF2(硝基呋喃基糖酰胺 ),benzosulfimide(環(huán)己基糖精 )。 Medical Geics C biological mutagen ? toxoid sterigmatocystin(雜色曲霉素 ), Flavacin(黃曲霉素 ), clavacin(棒曲霉素 )等 ? virus German measles virus(風(fēng)疹病毒 ), (hepatovirus)乙肝病毒 , Measles virus(麻疹病毒 ), cytomegalovirus(巨細(xì)胞病毒 ) Medical Geics D Maternal age Down綜合征與母親年齡 Medical Geics 2. chromosomal aberrations A. chromosome numerical aberration Numerical aberration is a change in the number of chromosomes from the normal number characteristic of the human beings. Medical Geics euploid chromosome numerical aberration aneupliod Medical Geics (1) Euploidy is the condition of having a normal number of structurally normal chromosomes. Euploid human females have 46 chromosomes (44 autosomes and two X chromosomes). Medical Geics Polyploidy is a multiple of the haploid chromosome number (n) other than the diploid number (., 3n, 4n and so on). Medical Geics Triploidy A triploid individual has three of every chromosome, that is, three haploid sets of chromosomes. A triploid human would have 69 chromosomes (3 haploid sets of 23). Medical Geics Production of triploids seems to be relatively mon and can occur by, for example, fertilization by two sperm. Medical Geics 雙雄受精和雙雌受精 Medical Geics ? Digyny(雙雌受精 ) ? Dispermy(雙雄受精 ) ? Endoreduplication（核內(nèi)復(fù)制） ? Endomitosis（核內(nèi)有絲分裂） Medical Geics Medical Geics (2) Aneuploidy is the condition of having less than or more than the normal diploid number of chromosomes, and is the most frequently observed type of cytogeic abnormality. In other words, it is any deviation from euploidy, although many authors restrict use of this term to conditions in which only a small number of chromosomes are missing or added. Medical Geics Generally, aneuploidy is recognized as a small deviation from euploidy for the simple reason that major deviations are rarely patible with survival, and such individuals usually die prenatally. Medical Geics
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