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ations Arising () Brief Communications are short, peerreviewed research reports focused on a single finding. They are less formal than Articles and Letters, and are aimed at the broadest possible scientific readership. Communications Arising are exceptionally interesting or important ments and clarifications on original research papers or other peerreviewed material published in Nature, and are published online only. Other contributions to Nature Nature also publishes Correspondence, Commentary, Book Reviews, Essays, News and Views, Reviews and Progress, Insights, Analyses, Hypotheses, Nature Jobs editorial articles and Technology features. Please see 2. The editorial process Please see 3. Presubmission enquiries are an author service and are not required by the journal. They must take the form of a paragraph stating the interest to a broad readership, a fully referenced summary in the style for Letters, and a reference list. Presubmission enquiries are not available for Brief Communications. 4. Readability Contributions should be clear and simple so that they are accessible to readers in other disciplines and to readers for whom English is not their first language. A useful set of writing guides is available at For gene, protein and other specialized names authors can use their preferred terminology so long as it is in current use by the munity. They must give all known names for the entity at first use in the paper. Authors of papers that contain taxonomy (the formal nomenclature and description of new species) must send a copy of the published paper by mail (not ) upon publication to the Executive Secretary, the Linnean Society of London, Burlington House, Piccadilly, London W1J 0BF, UK. 5. Format of Articles and Letters. Nature guide to authors: Manuscript formatting Information sheets 3a Contributions should be doublespaced and written in English (spellings as in the Oxford English Dictionary). Contributions should be anized in the sequence: title, text, methods, references, end notes, tables, figure legends. Titles do not exceed 90 characters (inc. spaces) for Letters, or 75 characters (inc. spaces) for Articles. Titles should not include numbers, acronyms, abbreviations or punctuation. They should include sufficient detail for indexing purposes but be general enough for readers outside the field to appreciate what the paper is about. Text Articles should fill no more than 5 pages, and Letters no more than 4 pages, of Nature. An uninterrupted page of text contains about 1,300 words. Authors should state in a cover letter to the editor their rough es