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Nature guide to authors: Manuscript formatting Information sheets 3a Manuscript formatting This guide describes how to prepare contributions for submission. We remend you also read the full version on Before submission, we remend authors familiarize themselves with Nature39。s style and content by reading the journal, (in print or online at ), particularly if they have not submitted papers recently. 1. Formats for Nature contributions Nature39。s main formats for original research are Articles and Letters. The journal also publishes a few Brief Communications and other submitted material (). Articles are original reports whose conclusions represent a substantial advance in the understanding of an important problem and have immediate, farreaching implications. They have no more than 50 references. Articles have a separate summary of up to 150 words, which has no references, and does not contain numbers, abbreviations, acronyms or measurements unless essential. It contains 23 sentences of basiclevel introduction to the field。 a brief account of the background and rationale of the work。 a statement of the main conclusions (introduced by the phrase 39。Here we show39。 or its equivalent)。 and 23 sentences putting the main findings into general context so it is clear how the results described have moved the field forwards. Articles are typically 3,000 words of text (not including Methods, summary or other sections), beginning with up to 500 words of referenced text expanding on the background to the work, before proceeding to a concise, focused account of the findings, ending with one or two short paragraphs of discussion. The text may contain subheadings (less than six in total) of less than 40 characters (inc. spaces) each. Articles have 5 or 6 display items (figures or tables). Letters are short reports of original research focused on an outstanding finding whose importance means that it will be of interest to scientists in other fields. They have no more than 30 references. They begin with a fully referenced paragraph, of about 200 words, (certainly no more than 300 words) aimed at readers in other disciplines. This starts with a 23 sentence basic introduction to the field。 followed by a onesentence statement of the main conclusions starting 39。Here we show39。 or equivalent phrase。 and 23 sentences putting the main findings into general context. See the annotated example at The rest of the text is typically about 1,500 words long (not including Methods, summary paragraph or other sections). Letters have 3 or 4 small display items. Brief Communications and Communic