【正文】
..................................................................... 8 添加存儲模塊 ...................................................................................................... 9 添加 VGA 接口 .................................................................................................. 12 集成 Nios II 系統(tǒng)到 Quartus II 系統(tǒng) ..................................................................... 12 算法及軟件實(shí)現(xiàn) .................................................................................................... 14 算法原理 ........................................................................................................... 14 定點(diǎn)程序?qū)崿F(xiàn) .................................................................................................... 16 5.“頻譜分析儀 ”硬件設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................................ 19 ADC 單元設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................................... 19 VGA 顯示單元設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................................................ 20 ..................................................................................................................... 23 FPGA 程序設(shè)計(jì) .................................................................................................. 23 Nios II 程序設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................................. 25 ................................................................................................................. 29 設(shè)計(jì)過程中出現(xiàn)的問題以及解決 ........................................................................ 29 總結(jié) .................................................................................................................. 29 展望 .................................................................................................................. 30 附錄 1 ............................................................................................................................ 32 附錄 2 ............................................................................................................................ 36 附錄 3 ............................................................................................................................ 36 致謝 ............................................................................................................................... 38 武漢理工大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) I 摘 要 隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,頻譜分析作為近代的信號分析方法在各個(gè)學(xué)科研究中已經(jīng)廣泛的應(yīng)用,是電子產(chǎn)品研發(fā)、生產(chǎn)、檢驗(yàn)的重要工具之一。高分辨率、寬頻帶的數(shù)字頻譜分析儀的設(shè)計(jì)和實(shí)現(xiàn)一直是該領(lǐng)域的研究熱點(diǎn)。頻譜分析在工程實(shí)踐和理論研究中有著重要的意義,但是目前普遍價(jià)格比較昂貴。本文設(shè)計(jì)了一種新的基于 Nios II的嵌入式頻譜分析儀。 Nios II是 Altera公司研發(fā)的基于 FPGA的可配置 32位軟核處理器,其可配置特性給嵌入式系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)帶來了更大的靈活性,為嵌入式系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)提供了一種全新的思路。本文以 Nios II平臺為核心設(shè)計(jì)嵌入式頻譜分析儀,給出了基于 Cyclone II芯片的 Nios II的實(shí)現(xiàn)框圖。本文首先介紹了基于 Nios II的嵌入式頻譜分析儀的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和研制技術(shù)指標(biāo)。然后講解了 如何通過SOPC Build建立 一個(gè) 自己需要的系統(tǒng)模塊( Nios II及其標(biāo)準(zhǔn)外設(shè)模塊) , 并說明了通過 Nios II IDE設(shè)計(jì) 頻譜分析儀的基本原理和功能。 對 Nios II的體系 結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了深入的分析, 并 使用 SOPC Builder定制 Avalon總線型元件 。然后充分利用 FPGA和 Nios II的 特點(diǎn),采用 定點(diǎn)運(yùn)算 完成 FFT的 實(shí)現(xiàn) 。 AD采樣和處理采用并行 級聯(lián)結(jié)構(gòu),在系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)中盡量采用低耗時(shí)的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸方式和充分利用 FPGA中的資源。在本次設(shè)計(jì)中系統(tǒng)完成了在 5種 采樣頻率下的 信號的頻譜分析和信號的時(shí)域、功率譜密度 VGA顯示, 并做出了實(shí)物 。 最后論文對主要工作進(jìn)行了總結(jié),并指出了系統(tǒng)需要進(jìn)一步完善和發(fā)展的方向。 關(guān)鍵詞 : 頻譜;分析儀; SOPC;實(shí)現(xiàn); Nios II 武漢理工大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) II Abstract With the development of science and technology, spectrum analysis as a modern method of signal analysis research in various disciplines has been widely used in electronic product development, production, testing an important tool. Highresolution, wideband digital spectrum analyzer design and implementation has been the research focus. Spectral analysis in engineering practice and research has an important meaning, but it is now generally more expensive price. This paper presents a new Nios IIbased embedded spectrum analyzer. Is the Altera Nios II FPGAbased R amp。 D can be configured 32bit soft core processor, which can be configured embedded system design features to bring greater flexibility for embedded system design provides a new ideas. In this paper, the core design for the Nios II platform embedded Spectrum Analyzer, is presented based on the Nios II Cyclone II chip realization diagram. This article first introduces the Nios II embedded spectrum analyzer and the development of the advantages of technical indicators. Then explained how SOPC Build a system that they need the module (Nios II and the standard peripheral modules), and shows through the Nios II IDE design the basic principle of spectrum analyzer and function. On the Nios II architecture indepth analysis and customized using the SOPC Builder Avalon bustype device. And make full use of FPGA and Nios II features, plete with fixedpoint FFT putation implementation. AD sampling and processing using parallel cascade structure, as far as possible in the design of system structure when using low power data transmission and full use of resources in the FPGA. In this design the system to plete the sampling frequency in the five kinds of signal spectrum analysis and time domain signal, power spectral density VGA display, and made a kind. Finally, the article summarizes the main work, and pointed out that the system needs further improvement and development. Key words: Frequency spectrum。 Analyzer。SOPC。 Implement。 Nios II 武漢理工大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 1 SOPC技術(shù)的概括及發(fā)展 在集成電路( IC)發(fā)展的初期,電路設(shè)計(jì)只要是器件的物理版圖設(shè)計(jì)。后來出現(xiàn)了集成電路單元庫( CellLib) ,使得集成電路設(shè)計(jì)從器件級進(jìn)入邏輯級,極大地推動了 IC產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展。隨著 IC設(shè)計(jì)與工藝水平的提高,原先由許多 IC組成的電子系統(tǒng)可以集成到一個(gè)芯片上,構(gòu)成片上系統(tǒng)( System on a chip,SOC)。 SOC的設(shè)計(jì)思想有別于普通 IC: SOC從整體系統(tǒng)的角度出發(fā),把處理機(jī)制、模型算法、芯片結(jié)構(gòu)直至器件的設(shè)計(jì)緊密結(jié)合起來,在單個(gè)(或少數(shù)幾個(gè))芯片上顯示整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的功 能。 SOC的設(shè)計(jì)儀 IP核為基礎(chǔ),以分層次的硬件描述語言為系統(tǒng)功能和結(jié)構(gòu)的主要描述手段,并需要借助 EDA工具。研究表明,與 IC組成的系統(tǒng)相比,由于 SOC設(shè)計(jì)能夠綜合考慮真?zhèn)€系統(tǒng)的各種情況,因而可以在同樣的工藝條件下,實(shí)現(xiàn)更高性能的系統(tǒng)指標(biāo) ]1[ 。 SOPC,是 Altera公司提出來的一種靈活高效的 SOC解決方案,是一種新額軟硬件協(xié)同設(shè)計(jì)的系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)。它將處理器、存儲器、 I/O口、 LVDS、 CDR等系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)需要的功能模塊集成到一個(gè)可編程器件上,構(gòu)成一個(gè)可編程的片上系統(tǒng)。SOPC是 PLD和 ASIC技術(shù)