地質(zhì)專業(yè)外文翻譯--風(fēng)化礦床-文庫吧
2025-04-17 13:36 本頁面
【正文】 ⑤殘余稀土元素礦床。酸性巖漿巖中分散存在的稀土礦物當(dāng)巖石風(fēng)化時被釋放出來，以離子狀態(tài)被粘土礦物吸附，而在風(fēng)化殼中富集成礦，也稱離子吸附型稀土元素礦床。中國南嶺地區(qū)有花崗巖風(fēng)化殘余的重稀土元素礦床（釔族為主）。華東的流紋斑巖中含輕稀土元素（鈰族）較多，在巖石風(fēng)化時可富集成礦 。 4 淋積礦床 指原巖中活動性較大的物質(zhì)，經(jīng)過風(fēng)化淋濾被地下水帶至鄰近的巖石中富集形成的礦床。這種礦床的形成除由成礦元素的地球化學(xué)性質(zhì)決定外，還需要有明顯的地球化學(xué)屏障，主要是潛水運(yùn)動的阻滯和物理化學(xué) 環(huán)境的急劇改變。淋積鈾礦、銅礦是常見的淋積礦床。 ①淋積鈾礦床。原巖風(fēng)化時，其中分散存在的鈾化合物被帶出到有利地段沉積富集成礦。鈾是變價元素，當(dāng)含鈾礦物中 4 價鈾氧化成為 6 價鈾 ,就易于淋濾帶去 ,在運(yùn)移途中遇到鈾的沉淀劑，它就轉(zhuǎn)入沉積物中富集起來。這種鈾礦床的時空分布很廣，又可分為砂礫巖中的鈾礦床和煤或瀝青質(zhì)巖石中的鈾礦床兩類。前者以美國科羅拉多高原的鈾釩礦床最著名，后者則是由于煤和瀝青是還原劑，促進(jìn)了潛水中的鈾化合物沉淀富集而成礦的。 ②淋積銅礦。經(jīng)常位于紅層中，分布較廣泛，銅常與鈾共生，也有單獨 成礦的。該種礦床成因復(fù)雜，有同生沉積說和淋濾再沉積說。淋積成的銅礦石由銅的氧化物和含氧鹽（碳酸鹽等）組成，是分散存在的原生硫化物經(jīng)氧化、遷移，在潛水面附近堆積成的。 4 外文原文 Weathering mineral deposit ABSTRACT Rock or mineral surface weathering crust and formation of ore occurs mostly near the phreatic surface or on it, therefore, the depth of the weathering deposits generally no more than dozens of meters from ground, special cases from 100 to 200 meters, the individual can reach 1500 ~ 2020 ore deposit scale is given priority to with small and medium, large or superlarge individual area of thousands of square kilometers, reserves of hundreds of millions of tons of even more than 10 billion loose, facilitate mining ore deposit is the most in iron ore and bauxite, followed by nickel, manganese, uranium, copper and rare earth elements, clay, apatite, nickel deposit and bauxite deposit in the world occupies an important position, in the production of nickel and aluminum, the other minerals also have important effects on producing area economy. Key words： Weathering。 Deposit。 Residual。 Illuviation 1 Factors affecting weathering mineralization Basically has the following several aspects (1) The original rock position. Weathering of original rock is the source of oreforming materials. Basic and ultrabasic rock with high content of Fe, Ni, and easy to weathering, and beneficial to form the weathering of iron, nickel deposit. And like a feldspathic rock weathering can form various kinds of clay or bauxite deposit. (2) The weather conditions. It has a decisive effect on weathering mineralization. High temperature is beneficial to the deposition of the original rock and brought out one of the alkali and alkaline earth metal, damp climate rainfall amount and conducive to weathering, therefore the most favorable for the formation of weathering deposits in tropical and subtropical region. 5 (3) The terrain factors. Mountainous terrain elevation difference is big, weathering products is not easy to keep。 Strongly flattened terrain, also go against weathering mineralization continuous。 Between the low mountains and hills area the most beneficial to the growth of weathered ore deposit. (4) The phreatic surface. Above the phreatic surface, strong chemical a
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