【正文】 。所謂不直接考語(yǔ)法 ，就是不像其他類型的考試那樣要求應(yīng)試者做與語(yǔ)法有關(guān)的多項(xiàng)選擇題、語(yǔ)法改錯(cuò)題、分析主謂賓等題目。但不直接考語(yǔ)法，并不等于說(shuō)可以不懂語(yǔ)法、語(yǔ)法知識(shí)不重要，閱讀理解必須運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法知識(shí)辨認(rèn)出正確的語(yǔ)法關(guān)系。不懂語(yǔ)法，不論詞匯量有多大都是毫無(wú)意義的。職稱英語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試要求應(yīng)試者必須懂得英語(yǔ)基本語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，這些語(yǔ)法知識(shí)可概述如下： ● 英語(yǔ)句子的基本語(yǔ)序及其意義； ● 英語(yǔ)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)和常用句型； ● 動(dòng)詞的各種時(shí)、體及其意義； ● 各種句子的構(gòu)成和意義； ● 句子中詞語(yǔ)的所指、省略、替代、重復(fù)以及句子之間意義的關(guān)系 等。 閱讀理解能力 前面我們已經(jīng)提到，職稱英語(yǔ)的等級(jí)考試的測(cè)試重點(diǎn)是考查應(yīng)試者的閱讀理解能力。它要求應(yīng)試者能綜合運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)和閱讀技能來(lái)理解本專業(yè)的或一般內(nèi)容的英語(yǔ)書面材料。具體來(lái)講，閱讀能力主要包括下列幾個(gè)方面： ● 掌握所讀材料的主旨和大意； 3 ● 了解闡述主旨的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)； ● 利用上下文猜測(cè)某些詞匯和短語(yǔ)的意義； ● 既理解個(gè)別句子的意義，也理解上下文之間的意義關(guān)系； ● 根據(jù)所讀材料進(jìn)行判斷和推論； ● 領(lǐng)會(huì)作者的觀點(diǎn)、意圖和態(tài)度。 4 第一部分 2020 年度全國(guó)職稱英語(yǔ)等 級(jí)考試試題、答案 綜合類試卷及答案 綜合類 (A 級(jí) )試題 第 1 部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)（第 1~15 題，每題 1 分，共 15 分） 下面每個(gè)句子中均有 1 個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)劃有底橫線，請(qǐng)為每處劃線部分確定 1 個(gè)意義最為接近的選項(xiàng)。 1. For some obscure reason, the simple game is being very popular. A unclear B obvious C major D minor 2. The sea turtle‘s natural habitat has been considerably reduced. A greatly B suddenly C generally D slightly 3. I got a not from Moria urging me to get in touch. A instructing B notifying C pushing D inviting 4. It is possible to approach the problem in a different way. A raise B pose C experience D handle 5. The decision to invade provoked storms of protest. A ignored B anized C caused D received 6. Jane said that she couldn‘t tolerate the long hours. A spend B take C last D stand 7. At 80, Peck was still vigorous and living in Paris. A energetic B happy C alone D busy 8. Forester stared at his car, trembling with rage. A shaking B turning C jumping D shouting 9. A young man is being hailed a hero tonight after rescuing two children. A reported B proved C praised D caught 10. I wanted to ask her out but was scared that she might refuse. A anxious B sure C sad D afraid 11. At that time, we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened. A give B attach C lose D understand 12. Anderson left the table, remarking that he had some work to do. A doubting B saying C thinking D knowing 13. He asserted that nuclear power was a safe and nonpolluting energy source. A maintained B remended C considered D acknowledged 14. The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses. A relative B general C continuous D sharp 15. She always finds fault with everything. A criticizes B simplifies C evaluated D examines 第 2 部分：閱讀判斷（第 16~22 題，每題 1 分，共 7 分） 下面 的短文后列出了 7 個(gè)句子，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對(duì)每個(gè)句子做出判斷；如果該句提供的是正確信息，請(qǐng)選擇 A；如果該句提供的是錯(cuò)誤信息，請(qǐng)選擇 B；如果該句的信息文中沒有提及，請(qǐng)選擇 C。 The Forbidden Apple New York used to be the city that never sleeps. Theses days, it‘s the city that never smokes, drinks or does anything naughty (at least, not in public). The Big Apple is quickly turning into the Forbidden Apple. If you wanted a glass of wine with your piic in Central Park, could you have one? No chance. Drinking 5 alcohol in public isn‘t allowed. If you decided to feed the birds with the last crumbs (碎屑 ) of your sandwich., you could be arrested. It‘s illegal if you went to a bar for a drink and a cigarette, that would be OK, wouldn‘t it? Er…no. You can‘t smoke in public in New York City. What‘s going on? Why is the city that used to be so openminded being like this? The mayor of New York is behind it all. He ahs brought in a whole lot of new laws to stop citizens from doing what they want, when they want. The press are shocked. Even the New York police have joined the argument. They recently spent $100,000 on a ―Don‘t blame the cop‖ campaign. One New York police officer said, ―We raise money for the city by giving people fines for breaking some very stupid laws. It‘s all about money.‖ The result is a lot of fines for minor offences. Yoav Kashida, an Israel tourist, fell asleep on the subway. When he woke up, two police officers fined him because he had fallen asleep on two seats (you mustn‘t use two seats in the subway). Elle and Serge Schroitman were fined for blocking a driveway with their car. It was their own driveway. The angry editor of vanity Fair magazine, Graydon Carter, says, ―Under New York City law it is acceptable to keep a gun in your place of work, but not an empty ashtray.‖ He should know. The police came to his office and took away his ashtray (煙灰缸 )。 But not all of the New York‘s inhabitants are plaining. Marcia Dugatty, 72, said, ―The city has changed for the better. If more cities had these laws, America would be a better place to live,‖ Nixon Patricks, 38, a barman, said, ―I like the new laws, if people smoked in here, we‘d go home smelling of cigarettes.‖ Recent figures show that New York now has fewer crimes per 100,000 people than 193 other US cities. And it‘s trueit‘s safe, cleaner and more healthy than before. But let‘s be honestwho goes to New York for its clean streets? 16. Some activities have recently bee illegal in New York. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 17. It is now illegal to smoke or drink alcohol anywhere in New York. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 18. Eating apples in the park is illegal. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 19. The businessmen like the new laws. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 20. Elle and Serge Schoronitman parked their car on the public driveway. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 21. The editor of Vanity Fair magazine thinks some of the new laws are stupid. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 22. New York is cleaner and safer than before. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 第 3 部分：概括大意與完成句子（第 23~30 題，每題 1 分，共 8 分） 下 面的短文后有 2 項(xiàng)測(cè)試任務(wù)：（ 1）第 23~26 題要求從所給的 6 個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為指定段落每段選擇 1 個(gè)小標(biāo)題；（ 2）第 27~30 題要求從所給的 6 個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為每個(gè)句子確定一個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。 Are You a Successful Leader? 1. Almost nothing we do in this word is done in isolation. At work or at play, you‘ll find yourself in groups, working with other people: your team at work, a meeting with colleagues, your family, a holiday w