【正文】 做 施工 和安裝 。另 一個例子 ,某 住宅小區(qū) 由于原 設(shè)計的 給 排水和電氣專業(yè) 未能協(xié)調(diào)工程完成才 發(fā)現(xiàn)幾乎 每套居室內(nèi) 空調(diào)安裝 處預(yù)留的排水 管 口 及穿墻孔 和空調(diào)電源插座 分別 位于 外窗 兩側(cè)的墻上 ,那 就 是空調(diào)安裝位置 與 插座 不在一個地方， 插座不能用 ,不得不返工 重裝 。 3 結(jié)論 設(shè)計文件和 施工 監(jiān)理 是 主要依據(jù) ，設(shè)計能否認真執(zhí)行 國家規(guī)定 ,設(shè)計文件的深度與相關(guān)專業(yè)的 密切配合問題等等 會直接影響到工程質(zhì)量。近年來 ,設(shè)計質(zhì)量滑坡現(xiàn)象已成為一個不爭的事實 ,如 設(shè)計市場惡性的競價 ,迫使設(shè)計單位減少輸入 以 降低成本等 等 。本文不 以 探索。 上文只從 施工和監(jiān)理的角度 提出 常見的 弊病 。 這類毛病不是 一種慢性的疾病或 頑疾 ,只要設(shè)計單位稍微留心 ,例如組織設(shè)計 人員 認真地 學(xué)習(xí)相關(guān)設(shè)計規(guī)范，加中原工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）譯文 5 強 設(shè)計過程管理 ,注重設(shè)計會簽和 審查，就 可以解決 。工程監(jiān)理 和 工程施工 就會受益。 本文摘自： 中原工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）譯文 6 The current building several problems in electrical design 1 Introduction Is a leading infraStructure Engineering design, design documents are the main basis for the construction, design quality is to determine the quality of the project the first part. My project quality accident statistics show that from the design of the project quality accident causes accounted for %。 construction causes accounted for %。 other reasons (such as equip ment and materials quality, etc.) caused by accounting for %. This shows the implementation of the project quality control is the key to the design quality control. Electrical engineering is no exception. 2 affect the quality of the project electrical design of several buildings Qualified architectural design should meet the requirements of seven quality characteristics, namely functionality, security, economy, credibility, can be implemented, adaptability and timeliness. Design units through the design of this assessment should be qualified to deliver the construction design documents. In fact many of the delivery of constructio n design documents exist, or the lack of quality characteristics deviate from the requirements defects. The impact on the quality of electrical engineering design problems are primarily manifested in the security, reliability (including the availability, reliability, maintainability, etc.) and can be implemented of missing or deviate from. The following ment on a few of the most mon aspects were discussed. Design in breach of or deviation from the provisions of design specifications, safety, cr edibility with respect to nonimplementation of the design specifications are quite mon 中原工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）譯文 7 For example, before a City Hall Square Garden (including the square green garden lighting, lawn lighting and sound and light Fountain Square Center) project discretionary electrical construction drawings submitted to the following problems: the absence of electrical protective earthing and equipotential bonding design。 wrong use of TN C lowvoltage distribution system。 fountain failure to use proper protection gra de requirements of electrical equipment and cables. This design is pletely contrary to the norms prescribed safety requirements, according to the drawings will remain a serious security risk. Prior to August 1999, Qingdao City, a fountain, several peopl e took place, leisure death was shock casualties, it is because of design errors, underwater lighting, and submersible pumps due to power leakage which can not be timely. Supervision in the preconstruction trial maps, and found the above problem, by the o wners to design units in strict accordance with design specifications seek to amend the design. The correct approach is: outdoor courtyards and fountains should be used locally TT power distribution system, or TNS system, and set the earth leakage protection (operating current should be no more than 30mA), which does not allow use of TNC system。 should be set wellgrounded devices, fountains equipotential bonding should be done the design, but not solely from the building leads to a PE trunk grounding。 submersible pumps and underwater lighting should be used diving cable distribution。 0 area electrical equipment should be used 1Px8 protection level, a District should be 1Px5 so. Another example is lowvoltage distribution lines