【正文】 ， 550（ 823K）和650（ 923K）由 J. Aktaa＆ R的表現(xiàn) 施密特 [1]，以及在室內溫度（ RT）由 [2]被用來調整一 Abaqus 中所需的非線性各向同性，運動強化模型 [3 材料參數(shù) ]。該模型能夠考慮的包辛格效應，例如，一個塑料循環(huán)硬化安定以及一步步。 甲材料模型的描述給出了 [3]和外部的文件所在。為參數(shù) C， Y和 Q 和規(guī)定也在 B的測定值 [3]在標簽收集。第一和第二。 表一 動硬化：擬合 C的參數(shù)不同溫度下的 2ID參數(shù) r = 1150 表二 各向同性硬化：擬合 PARAMETES Q及同一的不同溫度。 III. DETERMINATION OF THE ELASTIC LIMIT A. Finite Element Model To verify the material model described above, a 2D model of a quarter of the TBM has been created according to the current design and meshed using PATRAN. The model is shown in fig. 1 together with mechanical constraints. The only external mechanical load in the nonaccident operating mode is the hydrostatic pressure of 80 bar = 8 MPa in the cooling channels. For those simulations where thermal stresses occur, ABAQUS promotes a so called generalized plane strain element formulation, which accounts for an elongation in the outofplane direction and thus avoids enormously high nonphysical outofplane stresses. The 8noded generalized plane strain elements CPEG8 have been used here. B. Thermal Simulation During the operating mode, it should be accounted for a heat flux of 250 up to 500 kW/m2 (peak) on the plasmafacing side as well as a heat flux of 60 kW/m2 and of 35 kW/m2 on the vertical and horizontal interior, respectively, due to breeder units, see fig. 2. For the reason of simplicity, boundary conditions depicted in fig. 2 have been considered in the simulations. C. Mechanical Simulations using various Plasma Heating and Pressure in Cooling Channels (no cycling) By variation of both the temperature in cooling channels and the plasma heating, a critical pressure has been determined. The critical pressure is defined as the minimum pressure causing an inelastic deformation after the 1st heating . After the 1/2 of the 1st cycle. The critical pressure is shown in fig. 3 in dependence on the plasma heating and the temperature in the cooling channels Tcc. Evidently, the critical pressure is strongly dependent on the temperature in the cooling channels and relatively slightly on the plasma heating up to 450 500 kW/m2 approximately. Increasing plasma heating takes however a leading influence on the critical pressure whereas the temperature in the cooling channels plays a decreasing role and, finally, plastic deformation occurs for all Tec without pressure due to the temperature gradient alone if the plasma heating reaches 1000kW/M2. For this heating, the plastic deformation is localized in a narrow band along the plasmafacing side, see fig. 4 (on the left). A high pressure causes an additional plastic deformation located in a left bottom or left top corners of the 1St or 2nd cooling channels if the pressure in the channels reaches a critical value discussed above, see fig. 4 (on the right). The magnitude of the deformation is higher than the magnitude of the thermal plastic strain. 三。測定彈性極限 A有限元模型 要驗證上述材料模型， 一個季度的隧道掘進機二維模型已經(jīng)建立按目前的設計和網(wǎng)格使用 PATRAN。該模型如圖。 1與機械的限制。唯一的外部機械負載的非事故工作模式的 80欄 = 8兆帕斯卡的冷卻管道水壓。 對于那些在熱應力模擬發(fā)生， Abaqus 中推動了所謂的廣義平面應變元素提法，爭取在外的平面方向，從而避免了昂貴的，非物質的出平面應力伸長帳戶。 8 noded廣義平面應變要素 CPEG8使用了這里。 在運營模式，應該是占了高達 500 kW/m2（峰值）的等離子所面臨的方以及垂直 60 kW/m2熱通量和 35 kW/m2 250熱流和橫向內部，分別由于育種單位，見圖。 2。為了簡單的原因，邊界條件描繪圖。 2，被認為是模擬的。 C長使用各種機械模擬等離子加熱和冷卻通道（無單車壓力） 通過雙方的冷卻渠道和等離子體加熱，一個關鍵的壓力已定的溫度變化。臨界壓力被定義為最小壓力造成的經(jīng)過后， 1 /第 1周期 2第一加熱即一個彈性變形。 臨界壓力如圖。 3對等離子體加熱的依賴和在冷卻通道部隊派遣國的溫度。 顯然，臨界壓力是強烈地依賴于在冷卻通道的溫度和相對稍微加熱到 450等離子 500 kW/m2 左右。等離子體加熱時間增加但就，而在冷卻通 道的溫度，臨界壓力的影響起著主導作用，減少由于沒有壓力，溫度梯度，如果僅達到 1000kW/M2等離子體加熱，最后，塑性變形對所有過渡時期發(fā)生。為此暖氣， 塑性變形是定位于沿等離子體窄帶面向方面，見圖。 4（左邊）。高壓導致額外的塑性變形，在左底部或左側第一或第二冷卻渠道以外的角落，如果在銷售渠道中的壓力達到臨界值以上討論，見圖。 4（右側）。在變形的幅度是高于熱塑性應變幅度。 OF THE CYCLIC BEHAVIOR OF TBM The cyclic behavior of the TBM model has been studied using both the ABAQUSown material model descr