土木工程外文翻譯--迪拜的設(shè)計-建筑結(jié)構(gòu)-文庫吧
2025-04-17 14:02 本頁面
【正文】 d shears and moments. Outriggers at the mechanical floors allow the columns to participate in the lateral load resistance of the structure。 hence, all of the vertical concrete is utilized to support both gravity and lateral loads. The wall concrete specified strengths ranged from C80 to C60 cube strength and utilized Portland cement and fly ash Local aggregates were utilized for the concrete mix design. The C80 concrete for the lower portion of the structure had a specified Young39。s Elastic Modulus of 43,800 N/mm2 (6,350ksi) at 90 days. The wall and column sizes were optimized using virtual work .39。 La Grange multiplier methodology which results in a very efficient structure (Baker et ah, 2020). The reinforced concrete structure was designed in accordance with the requirements of ACI 31802 Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete The wall thicknesses and column sizes were finetuned to reduce the effects of creep and shrinkage on the individual elements which pose the structure. To reduce the effects of differential column shortening, due to creep, between the perimeter columns and interior walls, the perimeter columns were sized such that the selfweight gravity stress on the perimeter columns matched the stress on the interior corridor walls. The five (5) sets of outriggers, distributed up the building, tie all the vertical load carrying elements together, further ensuring uniform gravity stresses: hence, reducing differential creep movements. Since the shrinkage in concrete occurs more quickly in thinner walls or columns, the perimeter column thickness of 600mm (24) matched the typical corridor wall thickness (similar volume to surface ratios) (Figure 5) to ensure the columns and walls will generally shorten at the same rate due to concrete shrinkage The top section of the Tower consists of a structural steel spire utilizing a diagonally braced lateral system. The structural steel spire was designed for gravity, wind, seismic and fatigue in accordance with the requirements of AISC Load and Resistance Factor Design Specification for Structural Steel Buildings (1999). The exterior exposed steel is protected with a flame applied aluminum finish. Analysis for Gravity The structure was analyzed for gravity (including PDelta analysis), wind, and seismic loadings by ETABS version (Figure 6). The threedimensional analysis model consisted of the reinforced concrete walls, link beams, slabs, raft, piles, and the spire structural steel system. The full 3D analysis model consisted of over 73,500 shells and 75,000 nodes. Under lateral wind loading, the building deflections are well below monly used criteria. The dynamic analysis indicated the first mode is lateral side sway with a period of seconds (Figure 7). The second mode is a perpendicular lateral side sway with a period of seconds. Torsion is the fifth mode with a period of seconds
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