教師職業(yè)倦怠的現(xiàn)狀及其影響因素外文翻譯-文庫(kù)吧
2025-04-17 01:51 本頁(yè)面
【正文】 f high level stress. Concept of hardiness focuses on the person that remains relatively healthy after experiencing high amounts of stressful life events. Kobasa argues that persons who experience high degree of stress without falling ill have a personality structure differentiating them from a person who bees sick under stress. This personality difference is best characterized by the term “ hardiness”. Hardiness reflects the individual?s response to life events both personally and professionally (Kobasa, 1979). Three factors, mitment, control and challenge measure hardiness (Kobasa et al., 1982). Commitment reflects a dedication to oneself and to one?s work. Control is the extent to which an individual influences life events to ensure a particular oute. Challenge refers to life events and one?s response to those events. Individuals who are hardy cope with various stressors, both personal for example life cycle, family and professional for example occupational roles and relationships, are better than those individuals who are not hardy (Simoni and Paterson, 1997). Rush et al. (1995) found negative relations between hardiness and selfreported illness as a result of stress or burnout. Chan (2020) assessed hardiness and burnout among teachers and found that hardiness has significant impact on emotional exhaustion and personal acplishment. Crainie et al. (1987) found out that hardiness has beneficial major effects in reducing burnout but does not prevent high level of job stress from leading to high level of burnout. Maslach et al. (2020) found out that people who display low levels of hardiness (involvement in daily activities, a sense of control over events, and openness to change) have higher burnout scores, particularly on the exhaustion dimensions. Other conceptual way of describing job involvement is the “degree to which a person is identified psychologically with his work” or “the importance of work in his total selfimage” (Lodahl and Kejner, 1965). Such a psychological identification with work may result partly from early socialization training during which the individual may internalize the value of goodness of work. Lodahl and Kejner (1965) emphasized that during the process of socialization, certain work 3 values are injected into the individual that remains even at the later stage in the form of attitude toward job. Burnout may have negative effects on employees? job attitudes, for example a reduction in job involvement and job satisfaction (Kahill, 1988). Kahill (1988) in a longitudinal study found that burnout negatively affect job involvement. Elloy et al. (1991) demonstrated a negative relationship be
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