鐵路多式聯(lián)運(yùn)的服務(wù)設(shè)計模型外文翻譯-文庫吧
2025-04-16 14:46 本頁面
【正文】 the carriers39。 gross revenue [31]. The growth of intermodal rail traffic in the ., which reached 11 million trailers (26% of total) and containers (76%) in 2020,is the direct result of the rapid growth in the use of containers for international trade,imports accounting for the majority of the intermodal activity [31]. Governmental policy may also contribute to restructuring intermodal transportation and shifting parts of the land part of the journey from trucking toward rail and water (interior and coastal navigation). This is, for example, the main focus of the European Union as stated in its 2020 White Paper on transportation [20]. The reason for this is to reduce road congestion and promote environmentally friendlier modes of transportation. The instruments favored to implement such policies vary from road taxes to penalize trukbased transportation to the support of new rail services for intermodal traffic. The performance of intermodal transportation depends directly on the performance of the key individual elements of the chain, navigation panies, railroads, motor carriers, ports, etc., as well as on the quality of their interactions regarding operations, information, and decisions. The Intelligent Transportation Systems and Interfueled electronic business technologies provide the framework to address the latter challenges. Regarding the former, carriers and terminals, on their own or in collaboration, strive to continuously improve their performance. Railroads are no exception. Indeed, for intermodal as for general traffic, railroads face significant challenges to efficiently pete with trucking in offering customers timely, flexible, and lowcost, longhaul transportation services. Railroads are rising to the challenge by proposing new types of services and enhanced performances. Thus, NorthAmerican railroads have created intermodal subdivisions that operate socalled landbridges providing efficient container transportation by long, doublestack train between the East and the West coasts and between these ports and the industrial core of the continent (socalled mini land bridges). Most NorthAmerican railroads are now enforcing some form of scheduled service. In Europe, where congestion has long forced the scheduling of trains, the separation of the infrastructure ownership from service providing increases the petition and favor
畢業(yè)設(shè)計相關(guān)推薦
鄂ICP備17016276號-1