外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯--基于價(jià)值的軟件測(cè)試管理-其他專業(yè)-文庫(kù)吧
2024-12-30 09:02 本頁(yè)面
【正文】 案例就象測(cè)試一個(gè)完整的系統(tǒng)來形成測(cè)試需求”。黑盒測(cè)試通過其需求幫助能夠保證它們的完整性，準(zhǔn)確性，透明性及簡(jiǎn)明性等。因此測(cè)試能夠提升要求且向著測(cè)試驅(qū)動(dòng)的方向發(fā)展。 簡(jiǎn)言之，測(cè)試能夠通過降低計(jì)劃的不確定性和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)性來提升利益，作出相關(guān)的決定，努力控制把不必要的消耗減少到最低程度 (內(nèi)部原因 )。尤為重要的是，它有助于實(shí)現(xiàn)預(yù)期的價(jià)值利益。這些利益的得來也并不是免費(fèi)的，測(cè)試的代價(jià)通常也是有意義的 (外部原因 ).測(cè)試可以被理解為購(gòu)買信息，也可被認(rèn)為降低成本風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，減少不確定性的投資活動(dòng)。在成本和利益的投資上需要對(duì)測(cè)試需求作出相關(guān)的決定。因此接下來的兩個(gè)問題是：什么是測(cè)試成本？什么是價(jià)值活動(dòng)的測(cè)試?yán)妫? 5 ValueBased Management of Software Testing Rudolf Ramler, Stefan Biffl and Paul Gr252。nbacher Abstract: Testing is one of the most resourceintensive activities in software development and consumes between 30 and 50% of total development costs according to many studies. Testing is however often not anized to maximize business value and not aligned with a project’s mission. Path, branch, instruction, mutation, scenario, or requirement testing usually treat all aspects of software as equally important, while in practice 80% of the value often es from 20% of the software. In order to maximize the return of investment gained from software testing, the management of testing needs to maximize its value contribution. In this chapter we motivate the need for valuebased testing, describe practices supporting the management of valuebased testing, outline a framework for valuebased test management, and illustrate the framework with an example. Keywords: Valuebased software engineering, valuebased testing, cost of testing, benefits of testing, test management. Introduction Testing is one of the most important and most widely used approaches for validation and verification (Vamp。V). Vamp。V aims at prehensively analyzing and testing software to determine that it performs the intended functions correctly, to ensure that it performs no unintended functions, and to measure its quality and reliability (Wallace and Fujii, 1989). According to IEEE (1990) testing is defined as “an activity in which a system or ponent is executed under specified conditions, the results are observed or recorded, and an evaluation is made of some aspect of the system or ponent.” Testing is widely used in practice and plays a central role in the quality assurance strategies of many anizations. As software pervades more and more critical tasks and affects everyday life, security, and well being of millions of people (Ferscha and Mattern, 2021), the importance of testing will increase in the future. Studies show that testing already consumes between 30 and 50% of software development costs (Beizer, 1990). Even higher percentages are not unmon for safetycritical systems. Finding more efficient ways to perform effective testing is therefore a key challenge in testing (Harrold, 6 2021). Managing software testing based on value considerations promises to tackle increasing testing costs and required effort. Valuebased test management could also provide guidance to better align testing investments with project objectives and business value. In Chapter 1, Boehm presents an impressive example of potential test cost savings (on project level as well as on global scale) by focusing testing on the most valuable aspects. The example illustrates that with an investmentoriented focus on testing 7% of the customer billing types (1 in 15) achieved 50% of the benefits of testing the software. Completely testing the system requires a constantly increasing effort and, due to decreasing marginal benefits, results in a negative return on investment. Although a “100% tested” status is not a practical goal, there is still
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