【正文】 le can be nice, but what about animals? Scientists say that some animals are capable（有能力的）of being nice. Animals that live in groupslike foxes, chimpanzees（大猩猩）, and elephantsfollow rules. They have to follow rules to get along and to survive（生存）. However, animals can act nicely, even when they don39。t have to. Here are some surprising stories about animal behavior. Most people usually walk away when someone is unkind to them. Marc Bekoff, a researcher at the University of Colorado, saw a female（母的）red fox do just that. The female fox was unhappy because a male（公的）fox played roughly（粗魯?shù)兀﹚ith her. When she walked away, the male fox showed her that he wanted to play nicely. He lowered his head and rolled on his back. The female fox gave him another chance, and this time, he played more gently. Geza Teleki is a scientist who studies chimpanzees in Tanzania. One day, Teleki hiked far away from his campsite. He didn39。t have any food. Teleki wanted some fruit from a tree, but the tree was too tall. A young chimpanzee watched him curiously as he tried to get something to eat. The chimpanzee climbed the tree, picked the fruit, and gave it to him! An elephant in Kenya hurt his trunk（象鼻子）. He needed help because he couldn39。t put food into his mouth. Researcher Kayhan Ostovar watched silently. He saw the hurt elephant show his sore trunk to a healthy elephant. The healthy elephant didn39。t need any more information. He took a bush and put it carefully into his new friend39。s mouth. Hippos（河馬）and crocodiles are usually good friends. They hang out together in rivers. But Karen Paolillo, a wildlife expert in Zimbabwe, saw something surprising. One day, a crocodile tried to eat a monkey that was next to a river. A hippo ran quickly to the crocodile and chased it away. Why did the hippo attack（攻擊）the crocodile? Paolillo says hippos sometimes protect other animals from crocodiles. （1）The main idea of the passage is . A.animals that live in groups follow rulesB.some animals can be nice to other animalsC.most animals are nice to people（2）The underlined phrase do just that means . A.be niceB.play roughlyC.walk away（3）We can say that Teleki . A.is shortB.hates hikingC.could not climb the tree（4）The elephant needed help because . A.the tree was too tallB.it could not use its trunkC.it had no food（5）The underlined word it in the last paragraph refers to . A.the crocodileB.the chimpanzeeC.the monkey【答案】 （1）B（2）C（3）C（4）B（5）A 【解析】【分析】大意：文章主要通過(guò)科學(xué)家對(duì)大猩猩和大象等動(dòng)物的研究，說(shuō)明了有些動(dòng)物是有友善待人/其他動(dòng)物的能力的。 （1）主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段 Scientists say that some animals are capable（有能力的）of being nice. 科學(xué)家說(shuō)，一些動(dòng)物是能夠友善待人/其他動(dòng)物的，可知本文的主旨是一些動(dòng)物是能夠友善對(duì)待其他動(dòng)物的。故選B。 （2）推斷題。根據(jù)上文 Most people usually walk away when someone is unkind to them. 大多數(shù)人通常在某人對(duì)他們不友好的時(shí)候走開(kāi)，可知?jiǎng)澗€部分 do just that那樣做，指的是也走開(kāi)。故選C。 （3）推斷題。根據(jù)第四段 Teleki wanted some fruit from a tree, but the tree was too tall. Teleki想要從樹(shù)上摘一些水果，但是樹(shù)太高了，因此我們可以推斷Teleki不會(huì)爬樹(shù)。故選C。 （4）細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段 An elephant in Kenya hurt his trunk（象鼻子）. 可知，那只大象需要幫助是因?yàn)樗谋亲邮軅耍瑹o(wú)法把食物放進(jìn)嘴里。故選B。 （5）推斷題。根據(jù) A hippo ran quickly to the crocodile and chased it away. 一只河馬跑向鱷魚(yú)，并把它趕走，可知it指代的是鱷魚(yú)。故選A。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查閱讀理解。本文涉及細(xì)節(jié)題、推斷題和主旨題三種?？碱}型，細(xì)節(jié)題要注意從文中尋找答案；推斷題需要聯(lián)系上下文，推斷出需要的信息；主旨題需要通讀全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。4．閱讀理解 Some researchers explain how most people form their social groups with people of their age. Especially, as children and teenagers, even adults, people make their friends based on proximity （鄰近） more than anything else. Even in a college classroom, the students may not make friends with those who have similar personalities and interests. It39。s the people they really sit next to. Clearly, who stands to you has the greatest influence on you. As Jim Rohn has widely said. You are average （平均） of five people you spend the most little with. Over the past ten months, I39。ve paid Ryan, it Famous writer of several bestselling books, to help with the book I39。m writing. Working with him has shown me just how low my standards for my work are. For example, every time I send him a drab （草稿）, he shows me how it could be 10 times better, and he holds me to that standard. ▲ It39。s because that I don39。t know what I don39。t know. Working with Ryan has made me realize what is possible and what it takes to create something powerful. Like Ryan, my business partner Richard has wonderful ideas and far different experience than I have. He has written 36 New York Times Bestsellers. He39。s been speaking and doing events for 20 years. Richard always performs at high levels, and he is also very strict with me because my performance is a reflection （反映） on him. It39。s not a bad thing because it creates high pressure （壓力） to help me make great progress in organizing author training. In a word, you need to stay with those people who can help you realize your level and potential. Staying with people who have higher standards is the fastest way for you to change. If you don39。t change your environment, your progress will be very slow. Who you stay with has huge importance. You can39。t ignore this.（1）Why did the writer quote （引用） Jim Rohn39。s words in Paragraph 1? A.To support the writer39。s opinion.B.To introduce the writer39。s best friend.C.To show Jim Rohn39。s working ability.D.To prove Jim Rohn is a great person.（2）Which of the following can be put at the beginning of Paragraph 3? A.It39。s not that my workmates39。 abilities are low.B.It39。s not that my working ability was born low.C.It39。s not that39。 e friends based on proximity.D.It39。s not that I39。ve paid Ryan to help me with my book.（3）What does the underlined word it in Paragraph 4 refer to （指代）? A.The writer39。s performance.1