【正文】
先,翻譯的實(shí)質(zhì)是文化交流。其次,因?yàn)槿祟?lèi)的一切活動(dòng)都是文化活動(dòng),翻譯自然也是一種文化活動(dòng),或叫跨文化交際。由于英漢文化的差異,在用英語(yǔ)表示中國(guó)社會(huì)文化中某些特有的事物與現(xiàn)象時(shí),經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn)空缺詞項(xiàng),文化空缺,詞義空缺,意念空缺,英語(yǔ)中又無(wú)對(duì)應(yīng)表達(dá)、譯借、語(yǔ)意再生、補(bǔ)充與解釋等手段,以此彌補(bǔ)翻譯的不足。無(wú)論如何,在進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)奈幕幚頃r(shí),我們應(yīng)注意—文化傳真(facsimile of culture)應(yīng)是翻譯的基本原則之一。(1)比如,潑水節(jié),如果只譯作“WaterSprinkling Festival“,在外國(guó)游客看來(lái)那就是互相潑水的節(jié)日,而對(duì)該節(jié)日的由來(lái)、意義、民族都不了解。所以最好譯為“WaterSpring Festival—a big festival for theDai nationality to wish every one happiness by sprinkling water to one another”這樣的譯文不但有效地傳播了中國(guó)民俗文化,而且迎合了外國(guó)游客獵奇的心理,實(shí)現(xiàn)了旅游資料翻譯的目的。又如,“叫化雞”可譯為:beggar’s chicken(baked mudcoatedchicken).“白娘子”可譯為L(zhǎng)ady White,thelegendary heroine of “the story of theWhite Snake”.(2)中國(guó)的龍與西方的Dragon在來(lái)源、神性、意蘊(yùn)、功能等方面多有不同,中國(guó)龍取象廣博,形態(tài)神奇,主要象征和諧、正義與吉祥。西方的Dragon取象窄狹,外貌丑陋,主要代表魔怪、邪惡與禍祟??梢?jiàn),中華文化里的龍和西方文化中的dragon有著截然不同的形象和喻義,由此我們處理此類(lèi)文化意象詞語(yǔ)的翻譯時(shí)必須注意目標(biāo)語(yǔ)讀者的可接受性,又要兼顧原語(yǔ)所承載的文化信息。中學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)案例What do you think we should do to improve our environment ?)活動(dòng)目的:通過(guò)列舉污染源,學(xué)生更清楚當(dāng)前環(huán)境的不僅如人意,保護(hù)環(huán)境刻不容緩,從而使學(xué)生增強(qiáng)保護(hù)環(huán)境的意識(shí)。他們動(dòng)腦筋,想辦法,積極討論保護(hù)環(huán)境的措施,在不知不覺(jué)中提高英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力?;顒?dòng)過(guò)程:T: There is much pollution all over the world you tell me what it is ? Ss: Water pollution。Air pollution。Noise pollution。soil pollution …: Do you know what causes water pollution ? Ss: Factories pour waste water into rivers and : All the factories ? Ss: : What factories ? Ss: Paper factories , printing and dyeing mills , plastic factories…: What else can cause water pollution ,too? Ss: Some people throw rubbish into rivers and : How can we help to solve this problem ?(學(xué)生們分組討論解決辦法。)Ss: We can advise the directors of these factories to stop pouring waste water into rivers and : If they don’t accept your advice ,what else can we do ? Ss: can write a letter to Green China about can also ask newspaper reporters and TV station reporters to report these factories.……T: There is a paper factory in my pou