【正文】 s of Variation estimation by the Gage RR ◎ Equipment Variation: EV ◎ Appraiser (Operator): AV 62 ? GRR Decision and Improvement Direction ? Gage RR Decision Criteria ? %GRR ? 10% (Good measurement system) ? 10% ? %GRR ? 30% (May be used) ? %GRR ? 30% (Can not used) ? Gage improvement direction For repeatability error ? reproducibility error ? (Need to taken an action to operator) For reproducibility error ? repeatability error ? (Need to taken an action to gage) 63 ? M3 Identify Sigma Level ? M3 step covers the followings: ? Data stratification ? Graphical cause elimination ? Understand product capability and product performance ? Calculate current sigma level 64 ? Graphical Analysis ◎ Run Chart ◎ Scatter Diagram ◎ Box Plot ◎ Histogram ? Changes to the process may be more easily recognized graphically than tabularly. 65 ? Understanding Variation ? What is Variation? ◎ Different oute of a process or result of a product or service ? Measurement index scattered from center value ? Variation will be appeared in every process and the target of improvement is to reduce it’ s variations ? Why a variation might be occurred? ◎ By a mon cause ◎ By a special cause ◎ 5M1E ? What impacts will be happened if a variation bee big? ? Can not predict/ forecast outes ? Occur reinspection and/ or rework ? Delay schedule ◎ Increase customer dissatisfaction 66 ? ShortTerm/LongTerm Relationships Inherent Capability of the ProcessShort Term Capability Sustained Performance of the ProcessLong Term Performance Over time, a “ typical” process will shift and drift by approximately ? 67 ? Product Capability(Cp) ? Cp = |USLLSL| / 6?st ； Zst = 3 Cp ? Capability Index(Cpk) ? Cpu = min (Cpu, Cpl)， Where Cpu = (USL?)/3?st； Cpl = (?LSL)/3?st； Zst = 3 Cpk ? Performance Index(Cpk) ? Cpk = min (Cpu, Cpl)， Where Cpu = (USL?)/3?lt； Cpl = (?LSL)/3?lt； Zst = 3 Cpk 68 . DMAIC Methodology 5 Stages DMAIC Methodology and Statistical Tools ? Phase: Analysis ? Steps。 Work Breakdown Tool ? A1 Set up Improvement Goal。 ? Benchmarking, Entitlement, KANO ? A2 Identify Potential Causes。 ? Pareto, Brainstorming, Cause Effect Diagram, Logic Tree ? A3 Verify Potential Causes。 ? Regression, Hypothesis Test, ANVOA, MultiVari Analysis 69 ? A1 Set Up Improvement Goal ? In M3 the current product capabilities were defined. ? Step A1 provides the tools to define performance objectives. ? The purpose is to set objective to establish a balance between improving customer satisfaction and available resources. 70 ? A1 step covers following topics: – Establish performance goals – Assess shortterm and longterm sigma in terms of measurement benefits (decrease in COPQ, increase in revenue) – Determine improvement direction by the gap analysis between goal and current level 71 ? Paths to Performance Goals Performance Goals Process Improvement (Entitlement) Process Change (Breakthrough) Baseline Process Measurement 72 ? Benchmarking Why Benchmark (1)? Innovation Continuous Improvement Breakthrough Improvement Continuous Improvement Time Performance 73 ? Benchmarking Why Benchmark (2)? ? Develop and Improvement Strategic Goals ? Establish actionable objectives ? Provide sense of urgency ? Encourage breakthrough thinking ? Create a better understanding of your industry 74 ? A2 Identify Potential Causes ? Finding main independent variables, and making the list Y = f (X) ? Object Make list of potential independent variables for changing improving Y value methods ? Brainstorming ◎ Cause Effect Diagram ? Multivoting ◎ Logic Tree 75 ? Cause Effect Diagram P e r s o n n e lM a c h i n e sM a t e r i a l sM e t h o d sM e a s u r e m e n t sE n v i r o n m e n tC a u s e a n d E f f e c t D i a g r a mVariation in measurement System 76 ? A3 Verify Potential Causes ? Overview ? In step A3, setting a possible priority as to their importance to the potential variables (X’ s) identified in step A2 ? Purpose ? General a list of important factors (vital few) from the potential variables. Y = f [(x1,x2,x3) (x4,x5,… .,xn)] Vital Few Trivial Many 77 ? Pareto Analysis Rot tenBr ui sedUnder si zedOt her s2 3 5 1 0 0 8 7 1 95 3 . 3 2 2 . 7 1 9 . 7 4 . 3 5 3 . 3 7 6 . 0 9 5 . 7 1 0 0 . 005 01 0 01 5 02 0 02 5 03 0 03 5 04 0 04 5 002 04 06 08 01 0 0D e f e c tC o u n tP e r c e n tC u m %PercentCountP a r e t o C h a r t f o r C A T E G O R I E S78 ? Correlation Analysis ? A statistical analysis to investigate / measurement of association between two variables (X, Y) is called analysis. ? Correlation tells you the trend of Y when X v