【正文】 lead dog’s position。 his harness now represented not servitude to the humans but leadership over the dogs. Soon, he found himself in a rivalry with Spitz that ended with the two of them locked in single bat, a battle from which only Buck emerged alive. Having established himself as a dominant dog with this victory, Buck must continue to prove himself in battles with other creatures—with a bear, with a mouse, and, finally, with human. The civilized world tolerated and even smiled on such absurdity. In the cold of the Klondike, inpetence is deadly, not only for the three foolish Americans but also for the team of dogs, for the humans’ poor planning has brought them to the brink of starvation，the consequences of subverting authority within a team environment(the problems which occur when Buck manipulates the team onto his side as an example). His Learning to Be an IndividualAt the same time, however, one of the most valued traits in the wilderness was individualism. If The Call of the Wild is a story about ultimately achieving mastery over a foreign, primal world, that mastery was achieved only through separation from the group and independent survival. Throughout much of the story, Buck was serving a master or a pack。 even as a leader he was carrying out someone else’s mands and was responsible for the well being of the group. This experience, though, far from destroying him, made him stronger, and he wan back his kingdom—or rather, he won a new kingdom, a wild one that better suited his true destiny as a wild animal. The balance between individual and group was disrupted once more, however, toward the end of the novel, when Buck became the leader of a wolf pack. Although the pack was much different from the dog pack whose responsibility was to serve humans by pulling sleds, the message seemed to be that, while encouraging the skills to survive on one’s own, the wild ultimately required the cooperation of a group in order to ensure individual survival. His Disappointment towards Other Foolish MastersHal, Charles, and MercedesThese three can be analyzed in a group, who really exerted a negative part on Buck because they seemed to be ignorant about how to treat those diligent sled dogs. And they shared something in mon: Hal and Charles are foolish and callow。 Mercedes was spoiled and sentimental. Taken together, the trio served as a vehicle through which London attacked the debilitating effects of human civilization and warned of how little use such civilization was in the wild. From their first appearance, Hal, Charles, and Mercedes were woefully out of place in the untamed North. Both Hal and Charles displayed“a callowness sheer and unutterable,” while Mercedes was spoiled and unreasonable—“it was her custom to be helpless,”As a group, the three had no experience in the wild, only knew how to mistreat those sled dogs,Hal’s whip felt on the team.The dogs threw themselves against their breast bands and dug their feet into the packed snow, but the sled did not move. Again, the whip fell. And again, but the sled stayed as if it were anchored beneath the snow. Over packing the sled, allowing Mercedes to ride instead of walking, and miscalculating how much food they need for the journey to Dawson, this was extremely ridiculous. When their mistakes became apparent, instead of taking action, they began bickering and feuding, fighting over old 10grudges and trifles rather than dealing with the problems at hand. Hal, Charles, and Mercedes were weak and foolish figures, and their folly had its own reward—death in the icy waters of a northern river. Material possessions and consumerism had no place in the wild, and it was at least partly Mercedes’ inability to recognize this fact that leads to her death when the overburdened sled falls through the ice.Buck’s rise to greatness was not an easy path。 it was a struggle, a course strewn with obstacles, from the long duel with his rival Spitz to the folly of Hal, Mercedes, and Charles. But these obstacles, London indicated, were to be rejoiced in rather than avoided: life is ultimately a long struggle for mastery, and the greatest dogs(or men), the Bucks of the world, would always seek out struggles in order to prove their greatness. His Passion to John ThorntonAnyhow, God favored Buck with kindness as his last master came to be an ideal one, who showed a great love to Buck. It was partly because he was Buck’s savor first and foremost.“ Thornton had a way of taking Buck’s head roughly between his large hands and resting his own head on Buck’s. Then, he would shake Buck’s head back and forth, saying,‘ You, old, ugly monster’”10 In many ways, then, when John Thornton cut Buck free from his harness, he was also beginning the process of Buck’s separation from a pack mentality, an act that symbolized his freedom from a world in which he served humans. Although Buck continued to serve Thornton, his yearnings for a solitary life in the wild eventually overcame him. While expressing his great love and affection towards John Thornton, Buck showed no sign of flattery. Instead, his love expression was an act likely to hurt. He would often seize Thornton’s hand in his mouth and close fiercely that the flesh bore the impression of his teeth for sometime afterwards.Thornton, a seasoned gold prospector, saved Buck from being beaten to death by the odious Hal and then bees Buck’s master. From then on,“a deep and abiding love blossomed between man and dog”11. Their relationship was a reciprocal one—Thornton saved Buck, and Buck later saved Thornton from drowning in a river. It was clear that Buck was more of a partner than a servant to the prospector. This mu