胡壯麟的語言學術(shù)語英漢對照翻譯表(已改無錯字)
2022-07-29 00:30:45 本頁面
【正文】 riation, for instance, alternate shapes or phonetic forms.5. Types of morphemes: They are roots,(詞根） affix（詞綴） and stem（詞干）.6. Lexicon(語言詞匯）：in its most general sense, is synonymous with vocabulary.7. Closedclass words(封閉性） and openclass words(開放性）：the former whose membership is fixed or limited and the latter whose membership is in principle(實際上） indefinite or unlimited.8. Word class(詞性）：It displays a wider range of more precisely defined classes.9. Lexeme(詞位）：the smallest unit in the meaning system of a language that can be distinguished from other smaller units.10. Idiom(習語，成語）：Most phrasal lexemes are idioms. It is especially true for a sequence of words(詞序） which is semantically（語義上） and often syntactically(句法上） restricted.（限制）11. Collocation(搭配）： the habitual(習慣的） cooccurrences （同時出現(xiàn)）of individual lexical items.V. Syntax (句法）1. Positional relation or word order（詞序）：the sequential(順序）arrangement of words in a language.2. Construction or constituent (句子結(jié)構(gòu)）： the overall process of internal (內(nèi)部）organization of a grammatical unit .3. Syntactic function(句法功能）： the relationship between a linguistic form and other parts of the linguistic pattern in which it is used. The names of functions are expressed in terms of subjects, objects, predicates, modifiers,(修飾語） plements（補語）, etc.4. Category(范疇）：It refers to classes and functions in its narrow sense, . noun, verb, subject, predicate, noun phrase, verb phrase, etc. The categories of the noun include number, gender, case and countability.5. Phrase: a single element of structure containing more than one word, and lacking the subjectpredicate structure typical of clause.6. Clause: a group of words with its own subject and predicate, if it is included in a larger sentence.7. Sentence: It is the minimum part of language that expresses a plete thought.VI. Semantics1. Conceptualism or mentalism (概念主義）：Following F. De Saussure(索學爾）39。s sign theory, the linguistic sign is said to consist of a signifier （所指）and signified（被指）, ., a sound image and a concept, liked by a psychological（心理的） associative bond.（相關(guān)聯(lián)系）2. Mechanism(機械主義）：Some linguists, Bloomfield,(布魯費爾德） for example, turned to science to counter（反）act the precious theories and this leads to what call the mechanistic approach（方法）. The nature of this theory has nothing to do with the scientific study of mental phenomena.（智力現(xiàn)象）3. Contextualism （語境主義）：It is based on the presumption(假定）that one can derive meaning from or reduce it to observable context.4. Behaviorism (行為主義）：Behaviorists attempt to define (定義）the meaning of a language form as the situation(情景） in which the speaker utters（說話） it and the response（反應(yīng)） it calls forth in the hearer.5. functionalism (功能主義）：functionalists as represen
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