留基委聽力考試11年01月聽力原文及答案(已改無錯字)
2022-12-13 04:58:53 本頁面
【正文】 9am to 5pm on weekdays or you can also log onto the website: Section 4 A lecture on human needs Why do people behave as they do? Among the numerable things that psychologists study are human wants and needs and help people try to satisfy them. To survive, a person must satisfy many needs, such as hunger and thirst. Other needs, such as the need for panionship, the need for selfesteem or the need for safety are not part of the behavior patterns of infants but developed over the years as the result of experience. Some psychologists state that the interpretation of the hierarchy of needs represents a pyramid with the more basic needs at the bottom, among which are the physiological needs. The psychological needs can be divided into two categories. Survival needs which must be satisfied and stimulation needs whose functions appear more closely related to the appreciation of life than to the maintenance of life. Survival needs include those produced by hunger, thirst, fatigue, temperature regulation demands and pain avoidance, etc. Relatively, few people have suffered acutely from being unable to satisfy these needs. But all of us have experienced these needs in milder form. First of all, hunger. For most people, being hungry means missing lunch and starving before dinner. But hunger is perhaps a major motivation for the behavior of many people. During WWII, a group of Americans volunteered to undergo a starvation diet so that the effects of hunger might be studied. After several weeks of intense dieting, they displayed many types of behavior change. Their dreams, thoughts and conversations continually dealt with food. They became irritable and their activity level was reduced. Thus, the stronger they need, the more its impact is felt in all aspects of living. Secondly, thirst. Most people have experienced the dry throat and mouth that acpany thirst. But very few have known the anguish of the intense thirst. Even without the more extreme experience, you have probably been strongly motivated by thirst on numerous occasions. Thirdly, fatigue. The human anism must have rest and sleep in order to renew its vitality. Occasionally, this need bees so strong that a person will fall asleep in class,
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