【正文】 所以理解DPP的意義對供應商來說非常重要。相似地，隨著經(jīng)銷商和零售商現(xiàn)在對產(chǎn)品DPP的認識已更進一步，這種情況下，供應商掌握DPP的成本動因是有益而無一害的，它們能對DPP施加更有利的影響。How to get the ‘DPP’? （第93頁）n What’s the importance of DPP to the supplier?the importance of DPP to the supplier is based on the proposition that a key objective of customer service strategy is ‘to reduce the customer’s costs of ownership’. 對于供應商來說，DPP的重要性在于，他能明確客戶服務戰(zhàn)略的關鍵目標——“減少客戶的所有權(quán)總成本”。In other words the supplier should be looking at his products and asking the question: ”how can I favorably influence the DPP of my customers by changing either the characteristics of the products I sell, or the way I distribute them?”供應商要著眼于它的產(chǎn)品，同時問自己這樣一個問題：“我怎樣才能通過改變我所銷售的產(chǎn)品的特征或是配送產(chǎn)品的方法，來順利影響客戶的DPP值呢？” drivers and activitybased costing 成本動因和作業(yè)成本分析Problems of Conventional cost accounting （第95頁）The mon theme that links these points: （第95頁）由于缺乏對整條供應鏈產(chǎn)生成本的可見性，致使我們在交易中備受困擾。在理想狀態(tài)下，物流管理所需要的成本計算方法，應該是隨著產(chǎn)品流向客戶并能及時掌握其產(chǎn)生的成本。Activitybased costing作業(yè)成本分析法（98）n Separate the expenses and match them to the activities that consume the resources.n To seek out the ‘cost drivers’ along the logistics pipeline根據(jù)不同的資源消耗行為，不同單元的成本費用獨立核算。在整個物流傳遞過程中找出“成本驅(qū)動因素”。Parallels between ABC and mission costing（98） the customer service ,不同的客戶要區(qū)別對待。 Chapter 5 Managing the global pipelinen Explores the implications of some of the most significant aspects of globalization in the supply chain: focused factories, centralization of inventories and postponement and localization.n 指出供應鏈全球化過程中最重要的幾個因素：集中生產(chǎn)，庫存的集中化管理，延遲策略和本土化。.What’s the logic of the global pany?It seeks to grow it’s business by extending its markets whilst at the same time seeking cost reduction through scale economies in purchasing and production and through focused manufacturing and/or assembly ，同時擴張它的銷售市場以壯大其商業(yè)規(guī)模。According to Firstly, Secondly , there are two related challenges, what are they?（127） What is their relationship?n Firstly, world markets are not homogeneous, there is still a requirement for local variation in many product categories. 首先，全球市場并不是千篇一律的，不少產(chǎn)品仍需要根據(jù)本土化進行變動。n Secondly, unless there is a high level of coordination, the plex logistics of managing global supply chains may result in high costs. 其次，如果沒有高水準的協(xié)調(diào)能力，管理復雜的全球供應鏈只會引起成本的提高和前置時間的延長。n On the one hand, how to offer local markets the variety they seek whilst still gaining the advantage of standardized global production；一方面，如何既能保證向各地市場提供差別化產(chǎn)品，又獲得全球標準化生產(chǎn)的優(yōu)勢； n on the other, how to manage the links in the global chain from sources of supply through to end user. 另一方面，如何有效地管理全球供應鏈中從原材料采購到最終用戶的整條供應鏈的連接。 Do you think how many factors should be considered in order to establish a costjustified global strategy for logistics?（128）According to text, what’s the trend towards global organization of both manufacturing and marketing?How to define a global business?（129） trend towards globalization in the supply chain供應鏈的全球化趨勢How do businesses implement their logistics strategies?l Focused factories集中生產(chǎn)l Centralization of inventories庫存的集中化管理l Postponement and localization產(chǎn)品延遲策略和本土化Postponement and localizationAlthough the trend to global brands and products continues, it should be recognized that there are still significant local differences in customer and customer requirements. 雖然產(chǎn)品和品牌的國際化趨勢與日俱增，但我們必須認識到顧客和消費者的需求還是有明顯的地區(qū)性差異。 challenge of global logisticsWhat’s the difference between Managing a global network and managing a purely national logistics system ?（137） l Four factors are critically important to global supply chains, they create the need for different solutions.（137）Factor 1: extended lead times of supply 前置時間延長Factor2: extended and unreliable transit timesFactor3: multiple consolidation and break bulk optionsFactor4: multiple freight mode and cost options for global logistics構(gòu)建國際化物流體系 The same solution (141)Effectiveness in global logistics can only be achieved through a greater element of centralization. How then can the appropriate balance of global versus local decisions making be achieved in formulating and implementing logistics strategy ?如何把握好國際化和本土化之間的平衡？（142） and controlThe strategic structuring and overall control of logistics flows must be centralized to achieve worldwide optimization of costs關于組織和全面控制物流的流程，其戰(zhàn)略的制定必須更集中化，以達到全球的總成本最低 service managementThe control and management of customer service must be localized against the requirements of specific markets to ensure petitive advantage is gained and maintained針對特定的市場需求，客戶服務的控制和管理必須達到本土化以確保獲得和維持競爭優(yōu)勢。3. Outsourcing and partnershipn As the trend towards outsourcing everything except core petencies increases then so does the need for global coordination. 除核心競爭力外，企業(yè)其他業(yè)務的外包趨勢逐漸加強，因此對國際間合作協(xié)調(diào)的要求也越來越高。4. Logistics informationA global logistics information system is the prerequisite for enabling the achievement of local service needs whilst seeking global cost optimization. 在尋求全球成本最優(yōu)化的同時，要想滿足本土化服務的需求，其先決條件就是擁有一個全球物流信息系統(tǒng)。5. the futurel Global pipeline control is highly dependent on the ability to find the correct balance between central control and local management. 全球供應鏈控制的實現(xiàn)很大程度上取決于企業(yè)在集中控制和本土化管理之間的平衡能力。Chapter 6 Strategic leadtime managementn Explores the ‘cost of time ’ and the drivers of timebased petition：shortening product life cycles, customers’ desire for reduced inventories and the dangers of being forecast dependent in an increasingly volatile marketplace. n 探討時間成本和時間競爭的驅(qū)動力：正在不斷縮短的產(chǎn)品生命周期，客戶減少庫存的要求，在動蕩的市場環(huán)境下過分依賴預測的種種風險。 petitionTime is money.(149)As far as cost is Concerned there is A direct relationship Between the lengthOf the logistics pipelineAnd the inventory that Is locked up in it. 首先，就成本而言，物流渠道的長度與渠道中的存貨數(shù)量有直接的關系?！? What are the pressures leading to the growth of timesensitive markets?(150)1 Shortening life cycles 2. Customers’ drive for reduced inventoryWhat is the difference between traditional and moder