【正文】 ng at an elevation of 100 m, the opening extends m in width and m in height. The four pumps that convey water to the solar receiver are located below the receiver in an independent internal platform located in the central shaft. This platform also supports some ducting and minor equipment. The top platform supports the steam drum and several steam ducts that connect the drum to the solar receiver. None of the water and steam ducts are visible from the outside, in keeping with the initial architectural criteria. The tower39。s exterior was painted so that it would fit in better with its surroundings. Finally, the tower is equipped with a lightning protection system and three highintensity aircraft warning beacons. By adapting the tower39。s shape to the special requirements of the equipment, the design minimized the quantities of materials needed for construction. Moreover, the opening between the two shafts helps to reduce the wind load in the tower39。s weakest direction, that is, northsouth, which has the lowest inertia. The design stage was exciting, as all involved knew that they were creating something original rather than following established paths. However, the design process was not without its share of challenges, particularly as ALTAC was developing the structural design at the same time that Teical was developing the process and equipment design. occasionally, modifications were made to the platform levels, equipment loads, or access requirements. In fact, the basic architectural design was probably the only design that was defined at the bidding stage. ALTAC From the exterior, the top of the tower appears similar in form to the base. However, the top is fundamentally different in that it has no internal walls. None of the ductwork that conveys steam to the turbines is visible from the exterior. 沈陽建筑大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計 外文翻譯（附一、附二） 13 Located at an elevation of 100 m, the solar receiver is formed by four saturated steam interchanger panels supported in a tubular steel structure. Measuring 5 m wide by 12 m high, each of the panels is formed by a set of pipes that are bent from side to side and from bottom to top. Pipes from one panel are connected to the pipes from the adjoining panel. The set of panels covers an arc of 180 degrees and acts as the target for the heliostat field. To provide support and ensure that the cavity is properly insulated, all of the panels are mounted in the tubular steel structure, which incorporates an insulated floor and ceiling. Because the tubular steel structure is pletely closed, all solar rays entering the cavity are directed to the panels. water ing from the pumps flows through the entire solar receiver, and the resulting steam then enters the turbine, which is located on top of the tower. The framed steel structure has five column supports to transmit the vertical load. Because the cavity is closed, creating additional wind load, two horizontal supports are included in the top of the steel structure to connect to the tower39。s north concrete wall and transmit the wind load. Initially, the tubular steel structure was to be supported in a posite platform. However, other factors precipitated a change in plans. First, this level of the tower required many supports for ducts associated with the pumps located below and the steam drum located above, as well as electrical equipment. All told, these features impose a total load of metric tons. Second, a service platform would need to enpass the tower39。s entire width at this elevation. These facts prompted the designers to divide the loads among different structures to properly transmit them to the tower39。s concrete walls. The posite platform enpassing the tower39。s width serves as a service platform and a support for the ducts and equipment. Made of Ishaped beams situated in a northsouth direction, the platform is located below the duct supports, decking, and a 14 cm thick concrete pression slab connected by means of studs. To bear the solar receiver39。s load of metric tons, another steel structure is located m below the posite platform. Because the structure must cover a width of m, its two main beams were designed as Ishaped trusses about m high. The steam drum located in the top of the tower and the pumps located below the solar receiver also were supported by means of posite platforms. Because of the large loads and the need to span lengths of as much as m, most inner platforms were designed positely in accordance with the european Commission39。s Eurocode 4: Design of Composite Steel and Concrete Structures. Composite platforms also were the easiest to erect. The steel beams supported in the concrete shell varied in height from 240 to 500 mm. All plates and anchors in the connections installed in the concrete shell were designed using Profis Anchor software, developed by Hilti, the manufacturer of the anchors, which has its headquarters in Schaan, Liechtenstein. Load values for those connections varied from to metric tons. 沈陽建筑大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計 外文翻譯（附一、附二） 14 The elevator can lift four people and is equipped with such standard safety devices as a bidirectional munication set. The staircase has been designed to be directly supported in the tower walls rather than by pillars. This decision was made so that visitors would see that aesthetic details were also taken into account in the tower39。s interior. Made of galvanized steel, the visitor platform, located, as mentioned above, 31 m aboveground, affords visitors an excellent view of the heliostat field while they listen to an explanation of the overall plant39。s design. Because the ground at the site had limited bearing capacity, the preliminary design of the tower foresaw a foundation that would rely on deep piles. However, once the tower39。s geometry was defined, the foundation had to be red