【正文】 pirit of the lion, some Rastas do not cut their hair, sometimes growing their locks 20 inches or more. Thus, to a great extent, culture consists of a work of symbolic codes that enhance values, beliefs, worldviews, and ideologies within a society, Humans go to a great length to create symbols that provide meaning for individuals and groups. These symbolic meanings are a powerful source of cultural diversity. is the main idea of this selection? A． Hairstyles and dress codes identify political beliefs in diverse societies. B． The Rastafarian movement symbolized a religious and political mitment. C． Symbols provide meaning and a satisfaction of biological needs in society. D． Hairstyles and dress codes can be important symbols of cultural diversity in different societies. author uses the examples of the Scottish tartan, the motorcycle jacket, and the Islamic veil to show . A． the political power of dress codes in different societies B． the diversity of clothing styles throughout the world C． dress codes that symbolize different ethnic and religious groups D． the resistance to change of culturally different groups author suggests that the young people wearing jeans in the 1960s wore “ power suits” in the 1980s because . A． styles changed B． the American government changed C． their attitudes and goals changed D． both outfits symbolized rebellion of the following are true of the Rastafarians EXCEPT . A． they believe that Emperor Haile Selassie was the black Messiah B． they are the original natives of Jamaica C． they are a religious group with political mitments D． they formed as a result of harsh living conditions in Jamaica Rastafarian movement began . A． at the beginning of the nieenth century B． around the middle of the twentieth century C． before European slave traders arrived D． in the early eighteenth century Passage 4 A child who has once been pleased with a tale likes, as a rule, to have it retold in identically the same words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as sacred texts. It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book, and, if a parent can produce what, in the actual 自考 00595《英語(yǔ)閱讀（一）》歷年真題集電子書(shū) 11 circumstances of the time and the individual child, is an improvement on the printed text, so much the better. A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or arousing his sadistic impulses. To prove the latter, one would have to show in controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories were more often guilty of cruelty than those who had not. Aggressive, destructive, sadistic(虐待狂的 ) impulses every child has and, on the whole, their symbolic verbal discharge seem to be rather a safety valve than an incitement to overt action. As to fears, there are , I think, wellauthenticated cases of children being dangerously terrified by some fairy story. Often, however, this arises from the child having heard the story once. Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered. There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively true, that giants, witches, twoheaded dragons, magic carpets, etc., do not exist。 and that, instead of indulging his fantasies in fairy tales, the child should be taught how to adapt to reality by studying history and mechanics. I find such people, I must confess, so unsympathetic and peculiar that I do not know how to argue with them. If their case were sound, the world should be full of madmen attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a broomstick or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their enchanted girlfriend. No fairy story ever claimed to be a description of the external world and no sane child has ever believed that it was. author considers that a fairy story is more effective when it is . A． repeated without variation B． treated with respect C． adapted by the parent D． set in the present stories are a means by which children?s impulses may be . A． beneficially channeled B． given a destructive tendency C． held back until maturity D． effectively suppressed to the passage great fear can be stimulated in a child when the story is . A． in a realistic setting B． heard for the first time C． repeated too often D． dramatically told advantage claimed for repeating a fairy story to young children is that it . A． makes them e to terms with their fears B． develops their power of memory C． convinces them there is nothing to be afraid of D． encourages them not to have ridiculous beliefs author?s mentioning of broomsticks and telephones is meant to suggest that . A． fairy stories are still being made up B． there might be confusion about different kinds of truth C． people try to modernize old fairy stories D． there is more concern for children?s fears nowadays 自考 00595《英語(yǔ)閱讀（一）》歷年真題集電子書(shū) 12 AND SCANNING In this part there are 3 reading passages followed by 10 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 answers marked A,B,C and D. Skim or scan the passages, then decide on the best answer or the best choice to plete the statement and write the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points,1 point each) Passage 1 When we call someone a pig or a swine, we do not mean it as a pliment. But pigs do not deserve to be used as a symbol for an insult. They are probably not as dirty as they are made out to be. According to one pig keeper, swine are very clean when allowed to live in a clean environment. He feels pigs are usually dirty simply because their keepers don?t clean their pens. In any case, no one has proven that the pig that wallows in mud prefe