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世紀(jì)醫(yī)生核心能力與循證醫(yī)學(xué)文獻(xiàn)檢索(已改無錯(cuò)字)

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【正文】 mized, doubleblind trial of chitosan for body weight reduction. Author: Pittler MH。 Abbot NC。 Harkness EF。 Ernst E Journal: Eur J Clin Nutr。 1999 May。 53(5):37981. PubMed ID: 10369493 [TBL]: The above data suggest that chitosan in the administered dosage, without dietary alterations, does not reduce body weight in overweight subjects. No serious adverse effects were reported. 選用系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)文獻(xiàn),可得 4篇文獻(xiàn) 證實(shí) Chitosan對(duì)于減肥無效 Title: Chitosan for overweight or obesity. Author: Jull AB。 Ni Mhurchu C。 Bent DA。 DunsheaMooij CA。 Rodgers A Journal: Cochrane Database Syst Rev。 2022。 (3):CD003892. PubMed ID: 18646097 [TBL]: AUTHORS39。 CONCLUSIONS: There is some evidence that chitosan is more effective than placebo in the shortterm treatment of overweight and obesity. However, many trials to date have been of poor quality and results have been variable. Results obtained from high quality trials indicate that the effect of chitosan on body weight is minimal and unlikely to be of clinical significance. 2022年 9月 16日在中國(guó)醫(yī)科院圖書館舉辦了首屆北京協(xié)和循證醫(yī)學(xué)文獻(xiàn)檢索大賽,通過此種比賽推進(jìn)醫(yī)院的循證醫(yī)學(xué)臨床新模式。 通過情報(bào)人員的講解,協(xié)和的醫(yī)生們掌握了文獻(xiàn)檢索的“ PICO”方法。參賽人員抽一個(gè)臨床問題,在規(guī)定的 40分鐘內(nèi)完成文獻(xiàn)檢索、論文閱讀評(píng)估并制作幻燈片,匯報(bào)檢索的過程和結(jié)果,同時(shí)對(duì)檢索結(jié)果進(jìn)行分析和評(píng)估。評(píng)委們從臨床問題的構(gòu)建、文獻(xiàn)檢索的過程、文獻(xiàn)的分析等方面對(duì)各參賽隊(duì)進(jìn)行評(píng)分 ,評(píng)選出獲獎(jiǎng)隊(duì)伍 。 PICO的缺陷:僅適用于實(shí)時(shí)醫(yī)療檢索 STEP 2: 尋找最好的證據(jù)來回答臨床問題,通過結(jié)構(gòu)化的檢索和了解文獻(xiàn) /Finding the best evidence with which to answer the question through structured searches and understanding the literature – Primary Studies /一次研究 ? Clinical trials/ 臨床試驗(yàn) ? Randomized Controlled Trials RCTs/ 隨機(jī)對(duì)照試驗(yàn) ? Multicenter studies /多中心研究 – Secondary (synthesized, summarized) Studies/二次研究 (總結(jié)和摘要等 ) ? Reviews 綜述 ? Metaanalyses 薈萃分析 STEP 3 :嚴(yán)格評(píng)價(jià)其證據(jù)的有效性的(真實(shí)性),影響(效果大?。┖瓦m用性(在臨床實(shí)踐中的實(shí)用性) /Critically appraising the evidence for its validity (closeness to the truth), impact (size of the effect) and applicability (usefulness in clinical practice) – Is it valid? 有效性如何? – Is it important? 作用大小 – Can it help? 適用于我們的病人嗎? STEP 4 :應(yīng)用于臨床決策 結(jié)合調(diào)查結(jié)果提出建議,放到上下文的證據(jù),將建議納入一個(gè)特定病人情況,臨床條件或組織機(jī)構(gòu) ? Applying a decision Combining findings to make a remendation, placing the evidence into context, incorporating remendation into a specific patient situation, clinical setting or anization ?How much will it help a patient or population? /它對(duì)病人有多大好處? ?Does it meet their values and goals? /能滿足病人的意愿嗎? ?Is it costeffective? /符合成本效益原則嗎? STEP 5: 評(píng)價(jià)臨床實(shí)踐改變的效果 ? Evaluation Determining and measuring the effectiveness of the practice change over time ? How could it be done better next time? ? What is the oute of using (or not using) particular information and its impact on clinical practice? 評(píng)價(jià)效果:確定和評(píng)估隨著時(shí)間的推移對(duì)臨床實(shí)踐的有效性 下一次能做的更好嗎? 在臨床實(shí)踐中使用特定的信息的后果以及它對(duì)臨床實(shí)踐的影響如何? 三 醫(yī)生如何獲得需要的 EMB文獻(xiàn)? ( 一 ) 求助圖情人員和循證醫(yī)學(xué)人員 :它山之石可以攻玉 ( 專家檢索 ) (二)自己檢索(核心能力):國(guó)外研究結(jié)果證實(shí):醫(yī)生只要經(jīng)過簡(jiǎn)單的培訓(xùn),耗時(shí)不超過十分鐘,即能進(jìn)行有效的文獻(xiàn)檢索,并改變 47%的臨床決策。 證據(jù)的選擇和檢索策略的最優(yōu)化 COSI檢索方案:目前該方案已經(jīng)得到 NLM的推薦,成為全球系統(tǒng)檢索 EBM文獻(xiàn)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方案 ? The Core search (核心檢索) : 包括: PUBMED、 EMBASE、 Cochrane Library、 CRD website database、 PreMEDLINE、 Current Content amp。 Web of Science( SCI) 、 Current Controlled trials、 主要 EBM網(wǎng)站 (例如: TRIP和 SUMsearch等) ? The Standard search (標(biāo)準(zhǔn)檢索) : 覆蓋了核心檢索的資源,并擴(kuò)展到其他領(lǐng)域。需擴(kuò)展檢索的途徑有包括: Citation searching(引文 檢索 ),特別是在所需領(lǐng)域信息較少時(shí)有用,途徑有 ISI和 GS。 ? The Ideal search (理想檢索) : 覆蓋了核心檢索和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)檢索的范圍,并試圖對(duì)檢索的領(lǐng)域有所開拓。理想檢索的內(nèi)容有:全國(guó)性學(xué)會(huì) /協(xié)會(huì)文獻(xiàn),書目數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),對(duì)雜志題目進(jìn)行手工檢索; 國(guó)際衛(wèi)生技術(shù)評(píng)估會(huì) 第 16屆年會(huì)( 2022)提出了 “ 證據(jù)的選擇和檢索策略的最優(yōu)化 ——COSI檢索方案 ” 。認(rèn)為檢索信息來源主要為 3個(gè)層次:從檢索已發(fā)表文獻(xiàn)的范圍擴(kuò)大到灰色文獻(xiàn)范圍,進(jìn)而擴(kuò)大到未發(fā)表(未公開)信息的范圍。案 Systematic Review Cochrane reviews; BMJUpdates+ Evidence based journals ACP J club EBN, EBMH Computerized Decision Support System (CDSS) 計(jì)算機(jī)決策支持系統(tǒng) “ 5S ‖ 循證醫(yī)學(xué)信息資源 (Haynes) Original articles: Medline/ Clinical Queries Evidence based textbooks UpToDate, DynaMed, ACP PIER,BMJ Clinical Evidence 研究 Studies 綜述 Syntheses 摘要 Synopses 總結(jié) Summaries 系統(tǒng) Systems Haynes, R. (2022, November). Of studies, syntheses, synopses, summaries, and systems: the 5S evolution of information services for evidencebased health care decisions. ACP Journal Club, 145(3), A8A9. 國(guó)際上推薦的 EBM實(shí)踐資源 臨床醫(yī)生自己能有效地檢索文獻(xiàn)嗎? ? 盡管文獻(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的通道越來越多,大多數(shù)臨床醫(yī)生一遇到臨床問題時(shí)還是首先詢問同事、檢索臨床參考數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)或者咨詢圖書館員 (Coumou, H. C., amp。 Meijman, F. J. (2022). How do primary care physicians seek answers to clinical questions? A literature review. J Med Libr Assoc, 94(1), 5560. ) ? 美國(guó)護(hù)士在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上檢索信息遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)多于其他信息資源。但是她們對(duì)于自己檢索 MEDLINE和CINAHL這類數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的信心總是不足。 (Pravikoff, D. S., Tanner, A. B., amp。 Pierce, S. T. (2022). Readiness of . Nurses for EvidenceBased Practice. American Journal of Nursing, 105(9), 4051.) 23 咨詢案例: 咨詢題目:本人想查找有關(guān)全乳照射( WBI)和部分乳腺外照射( PBI(partial breast irradiation)/APBI (accelerated partial breast irradiation)的 III期臨床對(duì)照研究 ? 下面的檢索式可能不是很正確,所以還請(qǐng)老師拜托專家指導(dǎo),幫忙查全。 辛苦了! ~謝謝! ~~ ? 用戶提交檢索式: ? (cancer OR malign* OR neoplas* OR carcinom*) )AND( partial OR accelerated partial OR APBI OR PBI OR multicatheter interstitial brachytherapy OR interstitial brachytherapy OR balloon catheter brachytherapy OR mammosite OR intracavitary brachytherapy OR intraoperative OR IORT OR conformal external beam OR 3DCRT) AND (radiation therapy OR radiotherapy OR irradiation OR brachytherapy) 加上 III期臨床試驗(yàn) ( Clinical Trial, Phase III) ? 在 Pubmed數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)里可得到 19篇文獻(xiàn) 專業(yè)檢索( Expert Searching) ? 檢索式 1: Search ((breast neoplasms[MeSH Terms] OR (breast[All Fields] AND neoplasms[All Fields]) OR breast neoplasms[All Fields]) OR (carcinoma, ductal, breast[MeSH Terms] OR (carcinoma[All Fields] AND ductal[All Fields] AND breast[All Fields]) OR breast ductal carcinoma[All Fields] OR (carcinoma[All Fields] AND ductal[All Fields] AND breast[All Fields]) OR carcinoma, ductal, breast[All Fields])) AND (radiotherapy[Subheading] OR radiotherapy[All Fields] OR radiotherapy[MeSH
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