【正文】 氣卻是溫雅醇厚，憤怒也罷，哀傷也罷，總不著痕跡，不露圭角，達(dá)到了爐火純青的地步。 （二）運(yùn)用詩(shī)歌的基本特征和鑒賞方法解讀杜甫的七律《月夜》。 天寶十五載 (756)六月，安史叛軍攻進(jìn)潼關(guān)，杜甫帶著妻小逃到鄜州 (今陜西富縣 )，寄居羌村。七月，肅宗即位于靈武 (今屬寧夏 )。杜甫便于八月間離家北上延州 (今延安 )，企圖趕到靈武，為平叛效力。但當(dāng)時(shí)叛軍勢(shì) 力已膨脹到郎州以北，他啟程不久，就被叛軍捉住，送到淪陷后的長(zhǎng)安；望月思家，寫(xiě)下了這首千古傳誦的名作。 構(gòu)思奇特，用字獨(dú)到： 題為《月夜》，作者看到的是長(zhǎng)安月。如果從自己方面落墨，一入手應(yīng)該寫(xiě)“今夜長(zhǎng)安月，客中只獨(dú)看”。但他更焦心的不是自已失掉自由、生死未卜的處境，而是妻子對(duì)自己的處境如何焦心。所以悄焉動(dòng)容，神馳千里，直寫(xiě)“今夜鄜州月，閨中只獨(dú)看”。這已經(jīng)透過(guò)一層。自己只身在外，當(dāng)然是獨(dú)自看月。妻子尚有兒女在旁，為什么也“獨(dú)看”呢 ?“遙憐小兒女，未解憶長(zhǎng)安”一聯(lián)作了回答。妻子看月，并不是欣賞自然風(fēng)光，而是 “憶長(zhǎng)安”，而小兒女未諳世事，還不懂得“憶長(zhǎng)安”啊，用小兒女的“不解憶”反襯妻子的“憶”，突出了那個(gè)“獨(dú)”字，又進(jìn)一層。妻子“獨(dú)看”鄜州之月而“憶長(zhǎng)安”，“遙憐”小兒女們天真幼稚，只能增加她的負(fù)擔(dān)，哪能為她分憂??！這個(gè)“憐”字，也是飽含深情，感人肺腑的。 對(duì)仗工整，意在言外： 第三聯(lián)對(duì)仗工整，通過(guò)妻子獨(dú)自看月的形象描寫(xiě)，進(jìn)一步表現(xiàn)“憶長(zhǎng)安”。望月愈久而憶念愈深，甚至?xí)?dān)心她的丈夫是否還活著．怎能不熱淚盈眶 ?而這，又完全是作者想象中的情景。當(dāng)想到妻子憂心忡忡，夜深不寐的時(shí)候，自己也不免傷心落淚。兩地看月而 各有淚痕，這就不能不激起結(jié)束這種痛苦生活的希望；于是以表現(xiàn)希望的詩(shī)句作結(jié)：“何時(shí)倚虛幌，雙照淚痕干 ?”“雙照”而淚痕始干，則“獨(dú)看”而淚痕不干，也就意在言外了。 沉郁頓挫、“詩(shī)史”顯著： 題為《月夜》，字字都從月色中照出，而以“獨(dú)看”、“雙照”為一詩(shī)之眼。“獨(dú)看”是現(xiàn)實(shí)，卻從對(duì)面著想，只寫(xiě)妻子“獨(dú)看”鄜州之月而“憶長(zhǎng)安”，而自己的“獨(dú)看”長(zhǎng)安之月而憶鄜州．已包含其中。“這首詩(shī)借看月而抒離情，但所抒發(fā)的不是一般情況下的夫婦離別之情。字里行間，時(shí)代的脈搏是清晰可辨的． （三）運(yùn)用詩(shī)歌的基本特征和鑒賞方法 解讀劉長(zhǎng)卿的五絕《送靈澈》。 劉長(zhǎng)卿和靈澈相遇又離別于潤(rùn)州，大約在唐代宗大歷四、五年間 (769— 770)。劉長(zhǎng)卿自從上元二年 (761)從貶謫南巴 (今廣東茂名南 )歸來(lái)，一直失意待官，心情郁悶。靈澈此時(shí)詩(shī)名未著，云游江南，心情也不大得意，在潤(rùn)州逗留后，將返回浙江。一個(gè)宦途失意客，一個(gè)方外歸山僧，在出世入世的問(wèn)題上，可以殊途同歸，同有不遇的體驗(yàn)，共懷淡泊的胸襟。這首小詩(shī)表現(xiàn)的就是這樣一種境界。 詩(shī)歌的內(nèi)容與特色： 這首小詩(shī)寫(xiě)詩(shī)人在傍晚送靈澈返竹林寺時(shí)的心情。它即景抒情，構(gòu)思精致，語(yǔ)言精煉，素樸秀美，為中唐山水詩(shī)的 名篇。 精美如畫(huà)，是這首詩(shī)的明顯特點(diǎn)。 這幀畫(huà)不僅以畫(huà)面上的山水、人物動(dòng)人，而且以畫(huà)外的詩(shī)人自我形象，令人回味不盡。十八世紀(jì)法國(guó)狄德羅評(píng)畫(huà)時(shí)說(shuō)過(guò)：“凡是富于表情的作品可以同時(shí)富于景色，只要它具有盡可能具有的表情，它也就會(huì)有足夠的景色?！保ā独L畫(huà)論》）此詩(shī)如畫(huà)，其成功的原因亦如繪畫(huà)，景色的優(yōu)美正由于抒情的精湛。 請(qǐng)您務(wù)必刪除一下內(nèi)容， O(∩ _∩ )O 萬(wàn)分謝謝！??！ 2021 年中央電大期末復(fù)習(xí)考試小抄大全，電大期末考試必備小抄，電大考試必過(guò)小抄 Indonesia has emerged as a top vacation destination for Chinese this summer, along with Thailand39。s Phuket island and the Maldives archipelago. Encouraged by growth in Chinese travelers to Indonesia, the government in Jakarta has recently relaxed its visa policy. Since June 10, Chinese tourists can enter Indonesia through nine appointed locations, including the Soekarno Hatta Internatio nal Airport in Jakarta, the Ngurah Rai International Airport in Bali and the Kuala Namu International Airport in Medan, by just getting their passports stamped on arrival. Officially, it is called the free visa scheme. The new policy also means Chinese tourists can save $35 on visa fees, which will likely make trips to Indonesia more alluring. While such an arrangement allows Chinese visitors to stay up to 30 days for the purpose of traveling, those seeking extensions will need to get paid visas from that country39。s missions inBeijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou or Hong Kong, according to an official at the Indonesia embassy in Beijing. Santo Darmosumarto, head of the embassy39。s information, social and cultural section, says the new policy is aimed at strengthening peopletopeople contacts between the two countries. Dai Yu, marketing director of Ctrip, a major Chinese online travel agency, says: We39。ve seen a nearly 50 percent growth over the previous month in the number of Chinese tourists to Bali since the policy was announced. During his trip to China in March, Indonesian President Joko Widodo proposed that his country and China aim to increase twoway visits to a maximum of 10 million people in the next few years. The Indonesian government has set their sights on greeting 2 million Chinese tourists by the end of this year, according to the official. The Indonesian government hopes that Indonesian nationals would also be given preferential treatment while visiting China, says Darmosumarto. In 2021, the number of Chinese tourists who visited Indonesia stood around 807,000. Last year, it increased to 959,000, he adds. Bali remains the most popular site among Chinese tourists. In February, more than 92,200 Chinese tourists made trips to Bali, ranking first among overseas visitors, the Bali Times reported. Last year, the island witnessed more than 586,000 arrivals from China, an increase of 51 percent over 2021. Bali isn39。t just for sightseeing, but also for weddings, honeymoons, golf and many outdoor activities, says Fan Wenqing, a marketing executive at Garuda, Indonesia39。s national airliner. Garuda offers three nonstop flights between Beijing and Bali, and four each week between Beijing and Jakarta. There are daily flights from Guangzhou, in Guangdong province, and Shanghai to Jakarta as well. It takes from six to eight hours on a nonstop flight to reach Indonesia from China. Indonesia is home to more than 17,000 islands. Tourists can tour Yogyakarta to see Prambanam and Borobudur, two historical and religious sites, and explore the local handicraft markets. The base of a volcano, Bandung, which is also known as the Paris of Java, is ideal for adventure seekers. Many ecotourism destinations, such as Toba Lake in Sumatra, Tanjung Puting National Park in Kalimantan and Bunaken in Manado, are places the embassy official remends for tourists. Indonesia boasts worldclass surfing facilities along the shores of Sumatra down to Nusa Tenggara Islands. Recently, Lombok, a sister island east of Bali has gotten so much attention from Chinese travelers that some travel agencies are offering twin packages for Bali and Lombok. The best time to visit Bali is from May to October, when it doesn39。t rain much and the weather is cool. At press time, a weeklong package from Shanghai or Guangzhou to Bali was a little more than 3,000 yuan ($480) on Ctrip39。s website. Chinese tourists have taken a shine to rafting in Ubud, sightseeing in Tanah Lot, and surfing and diving in Nusa Lembongan, says Dai. Civet coffee, essential oil and woodcarvings are among the most popular products for Chinese tourists in Indonesia, she says. Indonesian food is also something that visitors shouldn39。t miss. Local cuisines feature many spices, including peppers and cloves, and coconut pulp. Fried rice, dirty duck and roast suckling pig are remended. Children39。s illustration books first appeared in the 1600s in Europe. Their passage to China, however, took much longer, roughly