國際貿(mào)易實(shí)務(wù)-緒論(1)(已改無錯(cuò)字)
2023-06-24 13:19:12 本頁面
【正文】 es in such a manner that they discriminate pletely against certain other countries usaually because of a policy dispute. They deny the outflow of goods, services, or assets to a particular country while allowing export to other countries, or discriminate against imports from the targeted country, or block both exports to and imports from the target. ? Effects of Trade Block Hurts both economically The basic determinant of the success or failure of economic sanctions is the trade elasticity. 一國或數(shù)國政府通過法令對另一國采取強(qiáng)硬措施，以斷絕相互之間的經(jīng)濟(jì)和貿(mào)易關(guān)系的行為。經(jīng)濟(jì)封鎖的簡稱。常用的封鎖措施有：中斷貿(mào)易關(guān)系，禁止對被封鎖國輸入和輸出貨物，禁止對該國輸出技術(shù)，截?cái)嘟煌ㄟ\(yùn)輸，凍結(jié)該國政府和私人存在他國的資金和財(cái)產(chǎn)，停止與該國的一切財(cái)政、資金往來等。 經(jīng)濟(jì)封鎖是發(fā)達(dá)資本主義國家推行侵略擴(kuò)張政策和強(qiáng)權(quán)政治的產(chǎn)物，一般在發(fā)生革命和戰(zhàn)爭的情況下實(shí)行。 Eg. China, Iraq, Cuba etc. Trade Blocks 貿(mào)易封鎖 WTO: A Navigation Guide ? What is WTO? ? How does it work? ? Objectives, functions and basic Principles What is WTO? ? Full form: World Trade Organization ? History: 1947: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (關(guān)貿(mào)總協(xié)定） 1995： WTO. Uruguay Round held during 19861994 led to WTO. What is WTO? ? Definition: The World Trade Organization, located in Geneva, is the umbrella anization responsible for overseeing the implementation of all the multilateral agreements that have been negotiated in the Uruguay Round and those that will be negotiated in the future. How does WTO work? ? The WTO is “memberdriven”, with decisions taken by consensus among all member governments. All major decisions are made by the membership as a whole, either by ministers or by their ambassadors or delegates. Objectives, Functions and Basic Principles Objectives: ? Raising the standards of living and ines。 ? Ensuring full employment。 ? Expanding production and trade。 ? Expanding optimal use of the world’s resources Functions ? To facilitate implementation, administration and operation of the covered agreements。 ? To provide the forum for negotiations on multilateral trade。 ? To settle disputes。 ? To review national trade policies。 ? To achieve greater coherence in global economic policymaking Basic Principles ? Trade without discrimination ? MostFavoredNation Treatment (favor one, favor all) ? National Treatment (love thy neighbor as thyself) ? Transparency ? Predictable and Growing Access to Markets ? Promoting fair petition 教學(xué)日歷
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