【正文】 he way the bones were joi ned together. Di nosaurs di ed out suddenl y about 65mi l i on years ago. Som e sci entists think i t cam e after an unexpected i nci dent when a huge rock from space hi t the earth and put to m uch dust i nto the ai r. O thers thi nk the earth got too hot for the di nosaurs to li ve on any m obody knows for sure why and how di nosaur di sappeared from the earth i n such a short tim e. We know m any other wil d pl ants, anim al s,i nsects and birds have di ed out m ore recently. Accordi ng to a UN report , som e 844 anim al s and pl ants have disappeared i n the l ast 500 years. The dodo i s one of them . It l i ved on the Isl and of Mauriti us and was a very fri endl y anim al .Pl ease l i sten to a story of the dodo and how it di sappeared from the earth. (3) The return of the mi l u deer My nam e i s Li nhui .I l i ke to tel l stori es about peopl e who work i s even better i s when countri es hel p each other and buil d a good fri endshi p. An excel l ent exam pl e of thi s happened when Bri tai n and Chi na worked together to bri ng the Mil u deer back to Chi na. The Mil u deer, a speci es wi th large horns, used to be m on i n Chi na l ong ke other deer they li ve together and eat grass and the soft parts of trees such as smal branches. Mi l u deer were often hunted for food or sport i n the past. The , Mi ng and Qi ng dynasti es di d not protect them and m any were kil l ed. That is how the Mi l u deer di sappeared from Chi na. Lucki l y before al l of them were ki l ed,some were taken to Bri tain to im prove the envi ronm ent of the beauti ful park whi ch bel onged to the Duke of Bedford. H e li ked them so m uch that he took them al l the way from Chi na to Bri tai n. The Mil u der l i ked the cool , wet weather i n Engl and and thei r num ber i ncreased year by year. As a result, when in 1985 the governm ent of Chi na wanted to rei ntroduce the Mil u deer,the Duke of Bedford was happy to hel p. The fi rst deer cam e back to Chi na to the N anhai zi Mil u Park 20 ki l om eters south of Bei ji ng and the centre i n Dafeng, Ji ngsu Provi nce. The deer centai nl y seem happy to be back i n Chi na because thei r num bers have grown rapi dl y. There are now so m any of them that a new park has been opened for them i n H ebei Province. At the mom ent the Mil u der l ive i n centres where they are bei ng 一、全冊教材分析 六年級第二學(xué)期是小學(xué)階段最后一個學(xué)期，教材從促進學(xué)生的發(fā)展，為學(xué)生進入第三學(xué)段的學(xué)習(xí)打好基礎(chǔ)出發(fā)，把六年級（下冊）的教學(xué)內(nèi)容分成兩部分編排。在前二個單元里教學(xué)新知識，全面完成《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》規(guī)定的第二學(xué)段的教學(xué)內(nèi)容和具體目標(biāo)。在總復(fù)習(xí)里重點地系統(tǒng)復(fù)習(xí)小學(xué)階段教學(xué)的主要知識，在深化理解的同時組織更合理的認(rèn)知結(jié)構(gòu)，通過適當(dāng)?shù)木毩?xí)形成必要的技能，應(yīng)用知識解決實際問題，培養(yǎng)數(shù)學(xué)素養(yǎng)。 新授內(nèi)容仍然分二個領(lǐng)域安排。 “ 數(shù)與代數(shù) ” 領(lǐng)域：比例的有關(guān)知識，成正比例和成反比例的量，解決問題的策略。是本冊教材的重點內(nèi) 容之一。教學(xué)正比例和反比例，著重理解正比例的意義和反比例的意義，讓學(xué)生在現(xiàn)實的情境中作出相應(yīng)的判斷。根據(jù)《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》的精神，教材適當(dāng)加強了正比例關(guān)系圖像的教學(xué)，不再安排解答正比例或反比例的應(yīng)用題。比例的知識有比例的意義、比例的基本性質(zhì)和解比例。這些知識有助于理解圖形的放大與縮小，能用來解決有關(guān)比例尺的問題。在解決問題的策略里，教學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)化的思想和方法。轉(zhuǎn)化能使復(fù)雜的問題變得簡單，能把未知的內(nèi)容變成已知的內(nèi)容。所以，轉(zhuǎn)化是重要的認(rèn)知策略，也是常用的解決問題策略。對于轉(zhuǎn)化思想，學(xué)生在前面的學(xué)習(xí)中已經(jīng)有較豐富的體驗。本冊 教材繼續(xù)教學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)化，讓學(xué)生進一步體會和應(yīng)用，通過具體的轉(zhuǎn)化活動，發(fā)展思維的靈活性。 “ 空間與圖形 ” 領(lǐng)域：教學(xué)圓柱和圓錐，圖形的放大或縮小，確定位置等內(nèi)容。圓柱與圓錐是本冊教材的又一個重點內(nèi)容，包括圓柱和圓錐的形狀特征，圓柱的表面積及計算方法，圓柱和圓錐的體積及計算方法等知識。圖形的放大和縮小是小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)新增加的教學(xué)內(nèi)容，讓學(xué)生初步了解圖形可以按一定的比例發(fā)生大小變換。這個內(nèi)容安排在第三單元里，結(jié)合比例的知識進行教學(xué)。確定位置也是新增的教學(xué)內(nèi)容，在初步認(rèn)識方向的基礎(chǔ)上，用 “ 北偏東幾度 ”“ 南偏西幾度 ” 的形式量化描述 物體所在的具體方向，還要聯(lián)系比例尺的知識，用 “ 距離多少 ” 的形式描述物體所在的位置。教材嚴(yán)格遵照《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》的要求，精選傳統(tǒng)小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)里有關(guān)形體的知識，增加與生活密切聯(lián)系的空間知識，讓學(xué)生在獲得必需的數(shù)學(xué)事實的過程中發(fā)展空間觀念。 總復(fù)習(xí)的內(nèi)容也按四個領(lǐng)域編排。根據(jù)《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》里具體目標(biāo)的設(shè)計分類，在 “ 數(shù)與代數(shù) ”領(lǐng)域里把內(nèi)容分成數(shù)的運算、數(shù)的認(rèn)識、式與方程、正比例與反比例四個部分進行復(fù)習(xí)。把解決實際問題納入數(shù)的運算、式與方程兩個部分，突出數(shù)學(xué)知識的實際應(yīng)用。 “ 空間與圖形 ” 領(lǐng)域里的內(nèi)容分圖形的認(rèn)識、圖形的變換、圖形的位置 三個部分進行復(fù)習(xí)。小學(xué)階段的測量主要是線段的長度、圖形的面積、物體的體積，教材把測量的內(nèi)容與圖形的認(rèn)識有機結(jié)合起來，能提高復(fù)習(xí)的效率。 “ 統(tǒng)計與概率 ” 領(lǐng)域的內(nèi)容分統(tǒng)計、可能性兩個部分進行復(fù)習(xí)。在總復(fù)習(xí)里還安排了上述三個領(lǐng)域內(nèi)容的綜合應(yīng)用，分別研究住房面積的變化、旅游費用的預(yù)算、調(diào)查周any longer. However, this reali ty al so worri ed m y desi gners. As ti me went by, I was m ade sm al er . First as a PC(personal puter)and then as a l aptop, I have been used i n offi ces and hom es si nce the 1970s. These changes onl y becam e possi bl e as m y m em ory im proved. First i t was stored in tubes,then on transistors and l ater on very sm al chi ps. As a resul tI total y changed m y shape . As I have grown ol der I have also grown sm al l er . Over tim e m y m em oryhas devel oped so m uch that , li ke an el ephant, I never frt anythi ng I have been tol d !And my memory became so large that even I couldn’t believe it!But I was always so lonely standing there by myself,until in the 1960s they gave m e a fami l y connected by a work . Iwas abl e to share m y knowl edge wi th others through the Worl d Wi de Web. Si nce the 1970s m any new appli cati ons have been found for m e . I have bee very i mportant i n m uni cati on, fi nance and trade I have al so been put i nto robots and used to m ake m obi le phones as wel l as hel p with m edical operati ons. I have even been put i nto space rockets and sent to expl ore the Moon and Mars . A nyhow, m y goal i s to provi de hum ans wi th a li fe of hi gh quali ty. I am now trul y fi l ed wi th happi ness that I am a devoted fri end and hel per of the human race ! AN DY—TH E AN DRO ID I’m part of an an android football team . About once a year we are allowed to get together to play a game of footbal. I’m as big as a human . In fact ,I look like one the fotbalteam I’m a striker so I have to be able to run very fast .My puter chips help me to mova and thi nk li ke a hum an . For exam pl e , I have l earned to si gnal to m y team m ates i n puter languages to give m e the bal when I am open and have a good shot for a goal . My fi rat footbal peti ti on was i n N agoya , Japan several years ago . Last year our team went to Seattl e , Washi ngton i n the won tsecong pl ace . Personal y , I thi nk the team that won fi rsy pl ace cheated . They had devel oped a new type of program just before the peti ti on. So we need to encourage our programer to i m prove our i ntel i gence are determi ned to create an even better system . In a way our programm et i s li ke our coach. She program s us wi th m oves to use i f a new