【正文】 marketing techniques to facilitate transactions of tangible goods without maintaining real inventory. Examples include numerous sellers on eBay. Virtual marketers can sell some nondigital products and services successfully. Such products generally have a high valuetoweight ratio, they may involve embarrassing purchases, they may typically go to people in remote locations, and they may have shutins as their typical purchasers. Items which can fit through a standard letterbox — such as music CDs, DVDs and books — are particularly suitable for a virtual marketer, and indeed , one of the few enduring dot panies, has historically concentrated on this field. Products such as spare parts, both for consumer items like washing machines and for industrial equipment like centrifugal pumps, also seem good candidates for selling online. Retailers often need to order spare parts specially, since they typically do not stock them at consumer outlets in such cases, emerce solutions in spares do not pete with retail stores, only with other ordering systems. A factor for success in this niche can consist of providing customers with exact, reliable information about which part number their particular version of a product needs, for example by providing parts lists keyed by serial number. Purchases of pornography and of other sexrelated products and services fulfill the requirements of both virtuality (or if nonvirtual, generally highvalue) and potential embarrassment。 unsurprisingly, provision of such services has bee the most profitable segment of emerce. There are also many disadvantages of emerce. one of the main ones is fraud. This is where your details (name, bank card number, age, national insurance number) are entered into what look to be a safe site but really it is not. These details can then be used to steal money from you and can be used to buy things on line that you are pletely unaware of until it is too late. this information is leaked into the wrong hands. People are able to steal your identity, and mit more fraud crimes under your name. Finally there are many problems with e merce some of which are: Failure understands customers why they buy and how they buy. Even a product with a sound value proposition can fail if producers and retailers do not understand customer habits, expectations, and motivations. Emerce could potentially mitigate this potential problem with proactive and focused marketing research, just as traditional retailers may do. Failure consider the petitive situation. One may have the will to construct a viable book etailing business model, but lack the capability to pete with Amazon. Inability predicts environmental reaction. What will petitors do? Will they introduce petitive brands or petitive web sites? Will they supplement their service offerings? Will they try to sabotage a petitor39。s site? Will price wars break out? What will the government do? Research into petitors, industries and markets may mitigate some consequences here, just as in nonelectronic merce. Overestimation of resource petence. Can staff, hardware, software, and processes handle the proposed strategy? Have etales failed to develop employee and management skills? These issues may call for thorough resource planning and employee training. Products less suitable for emerce include products that have a low valuetoweight ratio, products that have a smell, taste, or touch ponent, products that need trial fittings — most notably clothing — and products where color integrity appears important. Noheless, has had success delivering groceries in the UK, albeit that many of its goods are of a generic quality, and clothing sold through the inter is big business in the . Also, the recycling program Cheapcycle sells goods over the inter, but avoids the low valuetoweight ratio problem by creating different groups for various regions, so that shipping costs remain low. 日趨完善的電子商務(wù) 二十一世紀(jì)是信息化的時代，第三產(chǎn)業(yè)在各國的比重不斷上升，特別是服務(wù)業(yè)，信息服務(wù)業(yè)成為 21 世紀(jì)的主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)，這導(dǎo)致了電子商務(wù)的產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展，在全球信息化大勢所驅(qū)的影響下，各國的電子商務(wù)不斷的改進(jìn)和完善，電子商務(wù)成為各個國家和各大公司爭奪的焦點(diǎn)。 并且，隨著全球電子商務(wù)的迅猛發(fā)展，電子商務(wù)規(guī)模日益擴(kuò)大，如美國 2021年電子商務(wù)達(dá) 4887 億美元，日本 319 億美元，德國 206億美元。于是，各國不斷開發(fā)出形式多樣、特點(diǎn)各異的電子商務(wù)解決方案。但是，由于各國和一些國際組織對電子商務(wù)的認(rèn)識存在差異，因而制 定和實(shí)施的發(fā)展的電子商務(wù)政策也存在明顯的不同。國與國之間的電子商務(wù)活動因缺乏有效的協(xié)調(diào)機(jī)制而發(fā)展緩慢，同時一國內(nèi)部的電子商務(wù)活動也因缺乏有效的政策保障而受到制約。因此，研究探討電子商務(wù)現(xiàn)狀和制定實(shí)施恰當(dāng)?shù)碾娮由虅?wù)的政策問題就十分迫切 而在我國，計(jì)算機(jī)與網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的普及與發(fā)展，電子商務(wù)迅速崛起，眾多的信息技術(shù)企業(yè)、風(fēng)險投資公司、生產(chǎn)流通企業(yè)紛紛開展電子商務(wù)。 從國家經(jīng)貿(mào)委對 630 多家企業(yè)的調(diào)查來看，目前企業(yè)在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)應(yīng)用和開展電子商務(wù)方面，東部地區(qū)的企業(yè)好于中部地區(qū)，中部好于西部；所在地在大城市的企業(yè)好于地處偏 遠(yuǎn)的企業(yè)，新企業(yè)好于老企業(yè)。經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力強(qiáng)、利潤空間大的企業(yè)，信息化建設(shè)和電子商務(wù)開展得比較好。如聯(lián)想集團(tuán)目前已經(jīng)完成了供應(yīng)鏈環(huán)節(jié)的信息化，做好了開展電子商務(wù)的全部基礎(chǔ)性工作。同時，大多數(shù)企業(yè)對信息化建設(shè)比較重視，普遍看好電子商務(wù)的未來，企業(yè)內(nèi)部信息化建設(shè)取得了積極進(jìn)展，正在由信息孤島向信息集成跨越；建立在網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用基礎(chǔ)上的電子商務(wù)建設(shè)也取得了一定進(jìn)展，一些企業(yè)已經(jīng)通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)開展采購業(yè)務(wù)和網(wǎng)上銷售。 另一方面，中國入世，國內(nèi)市場向全球開放。這意味著中國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的一大跨越，電子商務(wù)也勢必逐步發(fā)展起來，沖擊傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)的地 位 .毋庸質(zhì)疑，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)正成為新的產(chǎn)業(yè)革命的主導(dǎo)力量，電子商務(wù)正成為新的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長點(diǎn)。但是，網(wǎng)站增長與無效益之間的反差，電子商務(wù)交易的安全技術(shù)與可 *性差，交易雙方缺乏信譽(yù)等已經(jīng)嚴(yán)重制約了我國電子商務(wù)的發(fā)展，電子商務(wù)的發(fā)展在中國面臨著重重難關(guān)。 但是信息技術(shù)與之相關(guān)的電子商務(wù)已經(jīng)成為中國企業(yè)在新世紀(jì)進(jìn)入世界的真正機(jī)遇。市場將更加開放，企業(yè)導(dǎo)入電子商務(wù)的比例將持續(xù)增加，中國將成為電子商務(wù)在全球發(fā)展最快，潛力最大的地區(qū)之一。 當(dāng)