【正文】 urally, and I would argue that they39。ve forgotten of the last places on Earth where you still find people passionate about this idea of a trained, disciplined, cultivated memory, is at this totally singular memory 39。s faces and pictures of snowflakes, they found that the memory champions were lighting up different parts of the brain than everyone note, they were using, or they seemed to be using, a part of the brain that39。s wellillustrated by a nifty paradox known as the Baker/baker paradox, which goes like this: If I tell two people to remember the same word, if I say to you, “Remember that there is a guy named Baker.” That39。that39。s going on here?Well, the name Baker doesn39。t hire a ., you hired a he stands up, delivers his poem from memory, walks out the door, and at the moment he does, the banquet hall everybody doesn39。t be properly 39。s eye, he can see where each of the guests at the banquet had been he takes the relatives by the hand, and guides them each to their loved ones amid the Simonides figured out at that moment, is something that I think we all kind of intuitively know, which is that, as bad as we are at remembering names and phone numbers, and wordforword instructions from our colleagues, we have really exceptional visual and spatial I asked you to recount the first 10 words of the story that I just told you about Simonides, chances are you would have a tough time with , I would wager that if I asked you to recall who is sitting on top of a talking tan horse in your foyer right now, you would be able to see idea behind the memory palace is to create this imagined edifice in your mind39。s likely to is advice that goes back 2,000plus years to the earliest Latin memory how does this work? Let39。ve been invited to TED center stage to give a speech, and you want to do it from memory, and you want to do it the way that Cicero would have done it, if he had been invited to TEDxRome 2,000 years you might do is picture yourself at the front door of your you39。d go inside your house, and you would see an image of Cookie Monster on top of Mister that would remind you that you would want to then introduce your friend Ed then you39。d go into your kitchen, and the fourth topic you were going to talk about was this strange journey that you went on for a year, and you39。s a vestige of when people used to think about oratory and rhetoric in these sorts of spatial phrase “in the first place,” that39。m a journalist, I need something to write know that there39。s minds, but I don39。re doing, is you39。s I got pretty into is me wearing my standard petitive memorizer39。s a pair of earmuffs and a set of safety goggles that have been masked over except for two small pinholes, because distraction is the petitive memorizer39。d make, I thought, maybe a nice epilogue to all my was, the experiment went won the contestwhich really wasn39。s actually kind of beside the are just work because they39。t have to be building memory palaces or memorizing packs of playing cards to benefit from a little bit of insight about how your mind often talk about people with great memories as though it were some sort of an innate gift, but that is not the memories are the most basic level, we remember when we pay remember when we are deeply remember when we are able to take a piece of information and experience, and figure out why it is meaningful to us, why it is significant, why it39。re able to transform it in some way that makes sense in the light of all of the other things floating around in our minds, when we39。re just fact, they39。t normally walk around there actually are no is how stuff is made I think if there39。s what ., the amnesic who couldn39。re not willing to process deeply?I learned firsthand that there are incredible memory capacities latent in all of if you want to live a memorable life, you have to be the kind of person who remembers to 嗨。并使它們聽來真誠，具體。我問我自己，這是為什么？我感到害羞，我感到尷尬。我非常幸運(yùn)的在一家康復(fù)中心工作，所以我可以看到那些因?yàn)樯习a而面臨生與死的人。但他們從所有其它家庭或朋友那里得知他的父親告訴其他人為他感到自豪，但這個父親從沒告訴過他兒子。因此我的問題是，為什么我們不索求我們需要的東西呢？我認(rèn)識一個結(jié)婚25年的男士渴望聽到他妻子說，“感謝你為這個家在外賺錢，這樣我才能在家陪伴著孩子，”但他從來不去問。每周一次，她見到丈夫后會說，“我真的希望你為我對這個家和孩子們付出的努力而感謝我?！辟潛P(yáng)別人一定要真誠，但她對贊美承擔(dān)了責(zé)任。她說：“為什么我不表示感謝呢，即使他們本來就要做那些事情？”因此我的問題是，為什么我不說呢？為什么其它人不說呢？為什么我能說：“我要一塊中等厚度的牛排，我需要6號尺寸的鞋子，”但我卻不能說：“你可以贊揚(yáng)我嗎？”因?yàn)檫@會使我把我的重要信息與你分享。會讓你認(rèn)為我需要你的幫助。你會用我托付給你的重要信息做些什么呢？你可以忽視我?；蛘吣憧梢詽M足我的要求。那里的人說：“當(dāng)你對車輪做整形時，它會使自行車變成更好。所以我要問在場的所有人，我希望你們把你們的車輪整形一下：真誠面對對你們想聽到的贊美。非常簡單。我們怎么用不同的文化，不同的語言來保持世界和平？我想要從每個小家庭開始。我想要感謝所有在這里的人們因?yàn)槟銈兪呛谜煞?，好母親，好伙伴，好女兒和好兒子。感謝你們來到這里，向世界顯示著你們的智慧，并用它們改變著世界。除了旅游時溝通比較方便、看電影不需要字幕這些好處之外，通曉兩種或者三種以上的語言，意味著你的大腦在結(jié)構(gòu)上或運(yùn)作上與你那些單一語言的朋友有著明顯的不同。雖然一個出色的雙語者對于兩種語言都有著相近的使用能力，但是大多數(shù)的雙語者對兩個語種的認(rèn)知和使用能力是有差異的。舉個例子來說，Gabriella在兩歲時跟著家人由秘魯移民到美國。她有一個十幾歲的哥哥，則屬于協(xié)調(diào)型雙語使用者，他運(yùn)用兩種不同的概念，一方面在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)英語，另一方面用西班牙語和家人、朋友交流。當(dāng)他們學(xué)習(xí)外語（英語）時，需要通過母語進(jìn)行翻譯再進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)。因此，一般人很難發(fā)現(xiàn)這三種類型的差異。大家都知道，大腦的左半球是掌管數(shù)據(jù)和邏輯分析的，而大腦的右半球則掌管情感與社交，但這并不是絕對的、只是比例多少的問題。根據(jù)這個理論，兒童學(xué)習(xí)語言更容易，是因?yàn)樗麄兊拇竽X仍在發(fā)展、可塑性更強(qiáng)，他們可以同時調(diào)用左右兩邊大腦的機(jī)能來學(xué)習(xí)語言；然而多數(shù)成年人只通過大腦的一邊（通常是左腦）學(xué)習(xí)語言。另一方面，近期的研究表明，成年人學(xué)習(xí)外語時的情緒性偏見沒那么多，同時相比于母語環(huán)境，他們在外語環(huán)境中遇到問題時也更為理性。有些好處甚至是可視化的，比如大腦灰白質(zhì)的密度增加，那里包含了大多數(shù)的神經(jīng)元和突觸，而且在學(xué)習(xí)外語時，大腦的部分區(qū)域會變得更加活躍。雙語能力對認(rèn)知能力的有所幫助在現(xiàn)代來看是很好理解的，但是過去的專家一定會對這個觀點(diǎn)大吃一驚。最新的研究的確顯示，在跨語言測驗(yàn)當(dāng)中，使用雙語的學(xué)生的反應(yīng)時間與錯誤次數(shù)增加了；同時也表明，學(xué)生需要花費(fèi)更多的努力和注意力進(jìn)行語言的轉(zhuǎn)換，這也使得前額葉腦區(qū)更加活躍、進(jìn)而強(qiáng)化其機(jī)能。雖然學(xué)習(xí)雙語不一定能讓你更聰明，但是它可以讓你的大腦更加健康、多元和活躍。從現(xiàn)在開始學(xué)一門外語吧，把“hello”轉(zhuǎn)換成“Hola”、“Bonjour”、“你好”(本文作者母語為英語)等外語問候，即使只是小小的訓(xùn)練，也能對大腦有所幫助。你站在，自己家門口的外面，請留心一下門的顏色，以及門的材質(zhì)，現(xiàn)在請想象一群超重的裸騎者，正在進(jìn)行一場裸體自行車賽，向你的前門直沖而來，盡量讓畫面想象得栩栩如生近在眼前，他們都在奮力地踩腳踏板汗流浹背，路面非常顛簸，然后徑直撞進(jìn)了你家前門，自行車四下飛散車輪從你身旁滾過，輻條扎進(jìn)了各種尷尬角落，跨過門檻，進(jìn)到門廳、走廊和門里的其他地方，室內(nèi)光線柔和舒適，光線灑在甜餅怪物身上，他坐在一匹棕色駿馬的馬背上，正向你招手，這匹馬會說話，你可以感覺到他的藍(lán)色鬃毛讓你鼻子發(fā)癢，你可以聞到他正要扔進(jìn)嘴里的葡萄燕麥曲奇的香氣，繞過他繞過他走進(jìn)客廳，站在客廳里把你的想象力調(diào)到最大檔，想象小甜甜布蘭妮，她衣著暴露在你咖啡桌上跳舞，并唱著“Hit Me Baby One More Time”，接下來跟著我走進(jìn)你的廚房，廚房的地面被一道黃磚路覆蓋，依次鉆出你的烤箱向你走來的是，《綠野仙蹤》里的多蘿西鐵皮人，稻草人和獅子，他們手挽著手蹦蹦跳跳地向你走來，好了睜開眼睛吧，我要給你們講一個每年春天在紐約，都會舉辦的奇異競賽，叫做全美記憶冠軍賽，幾年前我作為一名科技類記者，去報道這項(xiàng)競賽，心里想著大概那兒得像，怪才的“超級碗冠軍賽”一樣熱鬧吧，一大堆男人和屈指可數(shù)的女性，從小孩兒到老人有些還不怎么注意個人衛(wèi)生，有的奮力在只看一次的情況下，記下上百個任意列出的數(shù)字，有的在努力記住成群的陌生人的名字，有的想在幾分鐘內(nèi)努力背下整篇詩歌，還有的在比賽誰能以最快速度，記下一整副打亂的牌的順序，我當(dāng)時覺得這太不可思議了，這些人肯定天賦異稟。謝