【正文】 ，everything，anything，none，the one等不定代詞時(shí)，只能用that，：Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？ 你在商店里有什么東西要買嗎？ only，the very，the same，the last，little，few 等詞修飾時(shí)，只能用that，：This is the same bike that I 。，為避免重復(fù)，：Who is the girl that is crying？ 正在哭泣的那個(gè)女孩是誰(shuí)？ be 結(jié)構(gòu)，修飾主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句用that，：There is a book on the desk that belongs to 。，用which，：Tom came back，which made us ，這使我們很高興。例如： This was the time when he 。例如：This is place where he 。例如： Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for / Test Yourself you know the man ______is talking with your father？Yes，he’s our this the river _____I can swim？ which one is the best hotel in the city _____I you lend me the dictionary ______the other day？ you bought bought it you bought it you bought it ______with what I said may put up you agrees agree agrees agree watch is not the only thing ______ is who man ______coat is black is waiting at the gate’s of girl ______ is reading under the tree _____my ； is ； was ； is ； was love places ______the people are really world ______ is made up of that we live which we live we live in live inⅡ.用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞that，which，who，whom填空。如果定語(yǔ)是一個(gè)句子，它就叫定語(yǔ)從句；如果賓語(yǔ)是一個(gè)句子，它就是賓語(yǔ)從句。在主句中充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)成分。定語(yǔ)從句不同于單詞作定語(yǔ)的情況，它通常只能放在被修飾的詞(即先行詞)之后。關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等成分。1)who, whom, that 這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中所起作用如下: Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想見你的人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語(yǔ))He is the man whom/ that I saw 。Please pass me the book whose(of which)cover is 。(which / that在句中作主語(yǔ))The package which / that you are carrying is about to e 。1)when, where,why 關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的含義相當(dāng)于“介詞+ which”結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和“介詞+ which”結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用，例 如: There are occasions when(on which)one must 。Is this the reason why(for which)he refused our offer? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎? 2)that代替關(guān)系副詞that可以用于表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、理由的名詞后取代when, where, why和“介詞+ which”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從 句，在非正式文體中that常被省略(正式文體中不可省略)，例如: His father died the year(that / when / in which)he was 。判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞方法一: 用關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。例如:(錯(cuò))This is the mountain village where I visited last year.(錯(cuò))I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.(對(duì))This is the mountain village(which)I visited last year.(對(duì))I39。此兩題錯(cuò)在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。先行詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)選 擇關(guān)系副詞。一般先行詞出現(xiàn)在定語(yǔ)從句的前面。②指代先行詞。注:關(guān)系代詞有主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)之分。關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)等，關(guān)系副詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)(where)，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(when)，原因狀語(yǔ)(why)。關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。先行詞被all，every，no，any，some，little，much，one修飾時(shí)。先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。先行詞有人又有物時(shí)。不能用that的情況 介詞前置時(shí)。先行詞為those，he和people時(shí)。在從句中所起作用如下:(1)Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那個(gè)想見你的男人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語(yǔ))(2)He is the man(whom/that)I saw 。(whom在從句中作賓語(yǔ))注:who在定語(yǔ)從句中指人，作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。2,which，that 用來(lái)指物(有六種情況只可用that而不用which)(用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略)，例如:(1)The prosperity which/that had never appeared before took on in the 。(which/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ))注:which在定語(yǔ)從句中指物，可作主語(yǔ)或及物動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。whose(只用作定語(yǔ))“whose”表示誰(shuí)(可以為人也可以為物)的(東西)例:A child whose parents are dead is called an 。(“whose”表示那個(gè)房子的窗戶)關(guān)系代詞:在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。它們?cè)趶木渲凶髦髡Z(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)可省略“that”在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)?？墒÷躁P(guān)系詞，“which”在從句省略。既有人又有物時(shí)。By the time when you arrived in London, we had stayed there for two ，我們?cè)谀抢镆呀?jīng)待了兩個(gè)星期。Each time when he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towels, soap, toothbrush ，如毛巾，肥皂，牙刷等其他東西。There is somebody here who wants to talk to 。why 關(guān)系副詞why主要用于修飾表原因的名詞(主要是the reason)，同時(shí)它在定語(yǔ)從句中用作原因狀語(yǔ)。t know the reason why he didn39。She didn39。與關(guān)系副詞when和where不同，why可以換成that或省略。s one of the reasons(why, that)I asked you to 。如: 他失去工作的主要原因是他喝酒。如: There es a time when you have to make a 。We39。注意不要一見到先行詞為時(shí)間名詞，就以為一定要用關(guān)系副詞when來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，同時(shí)還要看它在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)什么成分如果在定語(yǔ)從句中用作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，就用when。如: Don39。ve told 。where 關(guān)系副詞where主要用于修飾表地點(diǎn)的名詞，同時(shí)它在定語(yǔ)從句中用作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。That39。Barbary was working in Aubury, where she went daily in a ，每天得坐公共汽車去上班。如果在定語(yǔ)從句中不是用作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，而是用作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，那就不能用where，而要用that, which等。限定性 限定性定語(yǔ)從句 意義: 限定性定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)被修飾的先行詞有限定制約作用，使該詞的含義更具體，更明確。(2)I like the music for the very reason that(for which)he dislike ，而他恰恰與我相反。在限定性定語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)任動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可省略。(2)Is there anything(that)you wanted? 想要什么東西嗎? 非限定性 非限定性定語(yǔ)從句 意義: 非限定性定語(yǔ)從句起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用，缺少也不會(huì)影響全句的理解。(2)This novel, which I have read three times, is very 。(2)Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called ，這就叫做蒸發(fā)。例如:(1)The boy has as much progress as we had ，這個(gè)男孩取得了大的進(jìn)步。不能用從句做主語(yǔ)(1)The boys，who are playing football，are from Class 。關(guān)系一、先行詞和關(guān)系詞1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.(“Whoever”可以用“anyone who”代替)2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.(“what”可以用“all that”代替)但這兩句句子已經(jīng)不是定語(yǔ)從句了，是名詞性從句。將“Whoever”、“what”分別用“Anyone who”、“all that”代替后，才是定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞分別是“Anyone”、“all”。a選項(xiàng)it，使前后成為兩個(gè)句子，中間無(wú)連詞連接，語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。c選項(xiàng)which，which在從句中做主語(yǔ)，用來(lái)代指前面的這件事。前半句中是her boss，所以不正確。3)It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the 答案B “as”和“which”在引導(dǎo)非限賓語(yǔ)。這些名詞主要是那些表示人的身份、職業(yè)、狀態(tài)的名詞。(2)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)先行成分。如果是動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，它們?cè)趶木渲芯鸵话阌邢薅ɑ蚍窍薅ㄐ问降奶娲鷦?dòng)詞“do”和“as / which”一起代替。(3)句子作先行成分。有時(shí)是連續(xù)幾個(gè)句子，有時(shí)甚至可以是一個(gè)完整的故事。由于先行成分的構(gòu)成成分“特殊定語(yǔ)從句在句中的位置有以下幾種情況: :形容詞的”which“特殊定語(yǔ)從句置于先行成分之后。但是，當(dāng)從句中含有表示主觀意志的插入成分時(shí)，”as“特殊。但如果先行成分是直接引語(yǔ)，”as“特殊定語(yǔ)從句與否定詞的相對(duì)中則常用一些表示”合乎自然規(guī)律“、”眾所周知“或”經(jīng)常發(fā)生“等意義的詞語(yǔ)，如natural, known to all, usual等。”as“特殊定四、關(guān)系代詞”as“與”which“一詞。2).”as“和”which“都可以在特殊定語(yǔ)從句中賓語(yǔ)。如: We thought him a gentleman, as/which he could never be.”as“特殊定語(yǔ)從句中可以主謂倒裝，”which“從句中則不能主謂倒裝。如: He talked like a native, which/as he hardly .”as“用法: 1).”as“引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句 a.”such....as“ He is not such a fool as he have never heard such a story as he .”the same....as“ This is the same book as I lost last week.(區(qū)分”the same...as“與”the same....that“:兩者都引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。as從句中說(shuō)明的名詞與the same修飾的名詞是同一類，而非同一個(gè)。②This is the same pen as I 。(c)The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here.(b)介詞后能用。(d)先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)容詞，又有人和物時(shí)。(h)主句的主語(yǔ)是疑問詞”who /which“時(shí)，避免重復(fù)要用”that“.舉例: Is this the book that you borrowed in the library? 這是你在圖書館借的書嗎? Who that break the window should be 。The thief gave out everything that he had stolen to the 。This is the most interesting book that l have ever 、先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾。(五)區(qū)分定語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞，它和先行詞是