【正文】 s a pl ace where peopl e m ake one bi g m unity from m any sm al er muni ti es. Each person gi ves kokua (hel p) to other people so that al fel stronger. It’s bel ieved that the isl ands can be a paradise when the people l ive in peace. Peopl e are tol d that thei r actions shoul d be as gentl e as the wi nd that bl ows from the sea. When problem s hapen, people are asked to solve them wi th understandi ng. So when peopl e of H awai tal k about ohana (fami l y), they are real y tal ki ng about al those who li ve on the i sl ands. Li vi ng in peace, H awai ans have devel oped a thi rd si gn of fri endshi p. This personal fri endshi p i s shown by giving leis to one another. The lie, a string of flowers, is put over a friend’s neck. Then the friend is given a kiss on cheek. Visitors to the isl ands are also given l ies. When they hear al oha, visitors begin to feel at home. Aloha al so means “goodbye”, so visitors wi l hear it agai n when they l eave. It can al so mean “our hearts singing together”. Perhaps this is how most visitors wil remember their new friendship. Unit 2 TH E RO AD TO MO DERN EN GLISH At the end of the 16th century, about five to seven mi li on peopl e spoke Engli sh. Nearl y al l of them li ved i n England. Later in the next century, peopl e from Engl and m ade voyages to conquer other parts of the worl d and because of that, Engl ish begi n to be spoken in m any other countries. Today, m ore peopl e speak Engli sh as thei r fi rst, second or a forei gn l anguage than ever before. N ati ve Engl i sh speakers can understand each other even i f they don39。s Radi cal Pr ogr essi ve Par t y. Af t er t he el ect i ons, Cr awl ey went t o t he f or m er Pr i m e Mi ni st er 39。 第一節(jié) 投資估算 ......................................................................... 錯誤 !未定義書簽。 第十五章 財務(wù)評價 ..................... 錯誤 !未定義書簽。 第二節(jié) 經(jīng)營收入估算 .................................................................. 錯誤 !未定義書簽。 第三節(jié) 成本費用估算 .................................................................. 錯誤 !未定義書簽。 第五節(jié) 財務(wù)評價結(jié) 論 .................................................................. 錯誤 !未定義書簽。 第一節(jié) 結(jié)論 ................................................................................ 錯誤 !未定義書簽。 必修一 Uni t 1 ANNE’S BEST FRIEND Do you want a fri end whom you coul d tel l everythi ng to, li ke your deepest feli ngs and thoughts? Or are you afrai d that your fri end woul d laugh at you, or woul d not understand what you are going through? Anne Frank wanted the fi rst kind, so she m ade her best fri end. Anne l ived in Amsterdam in Netherlands duri ng Woul d WarⅡ .Her fami ly was Jewi sh so they had to hi de or they woul d be caught by the Germ an N azi .She and her fami ly hi d away for nearly twentyfive months before they were discovered. During that time the onl y true friend was her diary. She said ,”I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most peopl e do ,but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shal l cal my friend Kity .”Now read how she felt after bei ng i n the hi di ng pl ace since Jul y 1942. Thursday 15th June 1944 Dear Ki ty, I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been abl e to be outdoors for so l ong that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. I can wel rem em ber that there was a time when a deep bl ue sky, the song of the birds, moonli ght and flowers coul d never have kept me spel lbound. That’s changed since I was here. …For exampl e, one evening when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until hal f past eleven in order to have a god l ok at the moon by myself. But as the mon gave far too much l ight, I didn’t dare open a window. Another time five months ago, I hapened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open. I didn’t go downstairs until the window had to be shut. The dark, rai ny eveni ng, the wi nd, the thunderi ng cl ouds hel d m e entirely i n their power。t speak the sam e ki nd of Engl ish. Look at this kind of example: Bri ti sh Betty: Would you li ke to see m y fl at? Am erican Am y: Yes. I’d l ike to e up to your apartment. So why has Engli sh changed over tim e? Actual ly al l anguages change and devel op when cul tures m eet and muni cate with each other. At fi rst the Engli sh spoken in Engl and betwen about AD 450 and 150 was very di fferent the Engli sh spoken today. It was based more on German than the Engli sh we speak at present. Then gradual y between about AD80 to 1150, Engli sh became l es li ke germ en because those who rul ed Engl and spoke first Danish and later French. These new setlers enriched the English l anguage and especial ly its vocabul ary. So by the 160’s Shakespeare was abl e to make use of a wi der vocabulary than ever before. In 1620 som e British setlers m oved to Am erican. Later in the 18th century som e Bri ti sh peopl e were taken to Australi a to. Engli sh began to be spoken i n both countri es. Final l y by the 19th century the language was settl ed. At that tim e two big changes i n Engl ish spel ing hapened: fi rst Sam uel Johnson wrote his di ctionary and l ater N oah Webster wrote The Ameri can Di cti onary of the Engli sh Language. The l ater gave a separate i dentity to Am eri can Engli sh speli ng. Engli sh now i s al so spoken as a foreign or second l anguage in South Asi a. For exam pl e, Indi a has a very l arge num ber of fl uent Engli sh speakers because Bri tai n ruled Indi a from 1765 to 1947. duri ng that tim e Engli sh became the l anguage for government and educati on. Engli sh is also spoken i n Singapore and Malaysi a and countri es i n Afri ca such as South Afri ca. Today the number of peopl e learning Engl ish in China is i ncreasing rapi dl y. In fact, China m ay have the l argest num ber of Engli sh learners. Wil l Chi nese Engli sh devel op i ts own i denti ty? Only tim e wi l tel . STAN DARD EN GLISH AND DIALECTS What i s standard Engli sh? Is i t spoken