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之間的相位相差 ? 。 帶通濾波器 相乘器低通濾波器抽樣判決器定時脈沖輸出)(2 te PS Ktc?c o sabc d e石家莊鐵道大學(xué)四方學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計 19 圖 313 2PSK 的解調(diào) 2PSK 經(jīng)帶通濾波之后濾除部分噪聲,然后與相干載波相乘,再經(jīng)低通濾波器濾除高頻分量,抽樣判決解調(diào)后輸出??梢钥吹浇庹{(diào)后的信號與原基帶信號相同。區(qū)別僅在于的當(dāng) P=1/2 時,其譜中無離散譜(即載波分量),此時 2PSK 信號實(shí)際上相當(dāng)于抑制載波的雙邊帶信號。 石家莊鐵道大學(xué)四方學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計 20 2DPSK 系統(tǒng)設(shè)計 2DPSK 系統(tǒng)框圖設(shè)計 圖 315 2DPSK 信號調(diào)制器原理 圖 316 2DPSK 差分相干解調(diào)原理框圖 圖 315 是 2DPSK 采用的鍵控法調(diào)制原理框圖。 移向相位為 ? ,例如當(dāng)經(jīng)過碼變換后的基帶信號為 1 時開關(guān)電路打到 0 相位,當(dāng)基帶信號為 0 時打到 ? 相位,而后合成 2PSK 信號 。 2DPSK 調(diào)制解調(diào)系統(tǒng)波形仿真 圖 317 2DPSK 的產(chǎn)生及碼反變換 tc?c o s)( ts)(2 te D PS K開關(guān)電路移相01800?碼變換帶通濾波器 相乘器低通濾波器抽樣判決器定時脈沖輸出)(D P S K2 te延遲 T sabc d e石家莊鐵道大學(xué)四方學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計 21 圖 317 中第一波形是基帶信號,第二波形是 2DPSK 已調(diào)信號,從波形中可以看出 2DPSK 也是靠相位的變化來傳輸數(shù)字信息的,經(jīng)過信道加入噪聲,但我們知道2DPSK 是根據(jù)前后碼元相位載波相 位變化來傳遞數(shù)字信息的所以要經(jīng)過碼反變換。 石家莊鐵道大學(xué)四方學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計 22 第 4 章 多進(jìn)制數(shù)字頻帶傳輸系統(tǒng)的仿真設(shè)計 4ASK 系統(tǒng)仿真及結(jié)果分析 MASK 是 2ASK 的推廣,以 4ASK 為例仿真, 4ASK 系統(tǒng)的調(diào)制與 2ASK 系統(tǒng)類似。 圖 41 4ASK 仿真波形 圖 42 4ASK 功率譜密度 從圖 41 和圖 42 可以 看出 4ASK 是 由時間上互不重疊的 1?M 個不同幅度的2ASK 信號疊加而成。顯然,就 MASK 信號的帶寬而言,與其分解的任一個 2ASK 信號的帶寬是相同的 , 與 2ASK 信號相比較,當(dāng)兩者碼元速率相等則兩者帶寬相等 , 當(dāng)信息速率相等時 MASK 信號的帶寬只是 2ASK 信號帶寬的 k/1 ,故頻帶利用率提高。 鍵控法產(chǎn)生的 MFSK 信號,可以看作由 M個幅度相同、載頻不同、時間上互不重疊的 2ASK 信號疊加的結(jié)果。 4PSK 系統(tǒng)仿真及結(jié)果分析 圖 45 4PSK 基帶信號與功率譜圖及上下支路時域與功率譜波形 圖 46 上下支路頻帶時域及功率譜圖 石家莊鐵道大學(xué)四方學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計 25 圖 47 解調(diào)后 4PSK 上下支路基帶信號 MPSK 信號可以看成是兩個正交載波進(jìn)行多電平雙邊帶調(diào)制所得兩路 MASK 信號的疊加。也就是說, MPSK 系統(tǒng)的頻帶利用率是 2PSK的 k 倍。它對輸入的二進(jìn)制序列首先必須進(jìn)行分組,每兩位碼 元一組。 QPSK 信號實(shí)際上是兩路正交雙邊帶信號 。 石家莊鐵道大學(xué)四方學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計 26 第 5 章 結(jié)論與展望 本文主要研究了二進(jìn)制數(shù)字頻帶傳輸系統(tǒng)及多進(jìn)制數(shù)字頻帶傳輸系統(tǒng),對2ASK、 2FSK、 2PSK、 2DPSK 信號進(jìn)行了波形及功率譜的仿真和它們的調(diào)制解調(diào)系統(tǒng)的仿真,以及以四進(jìn)制為例仿真了多進(jìn)制時間波形和功率譜密度,通過對上述內(nèi)容的分析可以清楚地看出數(shù)字頻帶調(diào)制的特點(diǎn),比較它們的特性以便選取。 ASK 抗噪聲性能最差,抗衰落能力不強(qiáng),因而一般適應(yīng)在恒參信道中使用, FSK 抗噪聲能力較強(qiáng),實(shí)現(xiàn)起來容易, PSK 在有線信道上能實(shí)現(xiàn)高速傳播,但要求接收機(jī)上有穩(wěn)定的參考相位來分辨所使用各種相位,抗噪聲性能最好,抗衰減能力也強(qiáng),實(shí)現(xiàn)起來較為復(fù)雜。 這些原理推廣到多進(jìn)制提高了頻帶利用率。 石家莊鐵道大學(xué)四方學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計 27 參考文獻(xiàn) [1] 樊昌信 .通信原理 [M].國防工業(yè)出版社 .2020:2526 [2] 鄧華等 .MATLAB 通信仿真及應(yīng)用實(shí)例詳解 [M].人民郵電出版社 .2020:275324 [3] John GProakis 等 .現(xiàn)代通信系統(tǒng) [M].電子工業(yè)出版社 .2020:224270 [4] , R237。大學(xué)四年的學(xué)習(xí)生活即將結(jié)束,王老師對我的幫助將是我一生的財富,在完成論文的過程中,不僅在研究中有了提高,更從老師那里學(xué)習(xí)到了如何研究的方法,這對我將是刻骨銘心的,對我今后的工作有著深遠(yuǎn)的影響。 石家莊鐵道大學(xué)四方學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計 29 附 錄 附錄 A 外文資料 1. INTRODUCTION In this book, we present the basic principles that underlie the analysis and design of digital munication subject of digital munications involves the transmission of information in digital form from a source that generates the information to one or more destinations. Of particular importance in the analysis and design of munication systems are the characteristics of the physical channels through which the information is transmitted. The characteristics of the channel generally affect the design of the basic building blocks of the munication system. Below, we describe the elements of a munication system and their functions. 11 ELEMENTS OF A DIGITAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEM Figure 111 illustrates the functional diagram and the basic elements of a digital munication system. The source output may be either an analog signal, such as audio or video signal, or a digital signal, such as the output of a teletype machine, that is discrete in time and has a finite number of output characters. In a digital munication system, the messages produced by the source are converted into a sequence of binary digits. Ideally, we should like to represent the source output (message) by as few binary digits as possible. In other words, we seek an efficient representation of the source output that results in little or no redundancy. The process of efficiently converting the output of either an analog or digital source into a sequence of binary digits is called source encoding or data pression. The sequence of binary digits from the source encoder, which we call the information sequence, is passed lo the channel encoder. The purpose of the channel encoder is to introduce, in a controlled manner, some redundancy in the binary information sequence that can be used at the receiver to overe the effects of noise and interference encountered in the transmission of the signal through the channel. Thus, the added 石家莊鐵道大學(xué)四方學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計 30 redundancy serves to increase the reliability of the received data and improves the fidelity of the received effect, redundancy in the information sequence aids the receiver in decoding the desired information sequence. For example, a (trivial) form of encoding of the binary information sequence is simply to repeat each binary digit m times,where m is some positive integer. More sophisticated (nontrivial) encoding involves talcing k information bits at a time and mapping each kbit sequence into a unique nbit sequence, called a code word. The amount of redundancy introduced by encoding the data in this manner is measured by the ratio n/ reciprocal of this ratio, namely k/n, is called the rate of the code or,simply, the code rate. The binary sequence at the output of the channel encoder is passed to the digital modulator, which serves as the interface to the munications nearly all of the munication channels encountered in practice are capable of transmitting electrical signals (waveforms), the primary purpose of the digital modulator is to map the binary