【正文】 1) none作主語，多與 of 構成短語 none of。 Are there any pictures on the wall? None. 2) none作主語，謂語動詞單復數(shù)均可。 It is none of your business. 二、 few 一些，少數(shù) few 作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)，多用于肯定句。 2) 當做 某一 解時，也可與單數(shù)名詞連用。 A certain (some) person has seen you break the rule. 某些人不同意你的看法。 (2)some用于其他句式中 : a. 肯定疑問句中：說話人認為對方的答案會是肯定的，或期望得到肯定回答時。t been there before ? d. 當否定的是整體中的部分時， some可用于否定句。t heard from some of my old friends these years. 這些年我沒有收到一些老朋友的信。 當句中含有任何的意思時， any可用于肯定句。 五、 one, ones 為復數(shù)形式 ones必須和形容詞連用。 Have you bought any rulers? Yes， I 39。 that與所指名詞為同類，但不是同一個，而 it 與所指名詞為同一個。t find my hat. I think I must buy one. (不定 ) 我找不到我的帽子了。 The hat you bought is bigger than that I bought. (同類但不同個 ) 你買的那頂帽子比我買的大。t find my hat. I don39。我不知道我把它放在哪了。 2) 一定范圍內兩人 (物 )，一個用 one，另一個用 the other。 4) 一定范圍內，除去一部分人 /物，剩余的全部用 the others。 ? both, either, neither, all, any, none 這些詞都可用作代詞或形容詞。 1) both (兩者都 )， either(兩者中任何一個 )， neither (兩者都不 )。 Neither of the two boys is clever. 兩個男孩都不聰明。 Both the boys are clever. 兩個男孩都很聰明。 There are flowers on both sides of the street. (兩岸 ) ? There are flowers on either side of the street. (岸的兩邊 ) 路邊長滿了野花。 以上詞使用范圍為三者以上。 I don39。 I like none of the flowers. 這些花我都不喜歡。跟單數(shù)名詞，用單數(shù)動詞；跟復數(shù)名詞，用復數(shù)動詞。 All (of) the milk is there. 所有的牛奶都在那。 He has a few friends. 他有幾個朋友。 We still have a little time. 我們還有點時間。 典型例題 : Although he 39。 ? 固定搭配 : only a few (=few) not a few (=many) quite a few (=many) many a (=many) Many books were sold. Many a book was sold. 賣出了許多書。英語時態(tài)以動詞形式變化表示句中談到的動作、狀態(tài)的時間關系和說話的時間。 時間狀語： every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2) 客觀真理，客觀存在，科學事實。 Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必敗。 例： Columbus proved that the earth is round.. ? 4) 現(xiàn)在時刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個性。t want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well. 比較： Now I put the sugar in the cup. I am doing my homework now. 第一句用一般現(xiàn)在時，用于操作演示或指導說明的示范性動作，表示言行的瞬間動作。 現(xiàn)在進行時 ： a. 表示現(xiàn)在 ( 指說話人說話時 ) 正在發(fā)生的事情。 Mr. Green is writing another novel. (說話時并未在寫，只處于寫作的狀態(tài)。 The leaves are turning red. It39。 You are always changing your mind. 典型例題 My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it. A. has lost, don?t find B. is missing, don?t find C. has lost, haven?t found D. is missing, haven?t found. 答案 D. 前句是一個仍在持續(xù)的狀態(tài)，應用進行時，由于沒有找到，其影響仍然存在，應用完成時，瞬間動詞用于否定式時可用于完成時。 時間狀語有： yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。 When I was a child, I often played football in the street. Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm wele. 3） 句型： It is time for sb. to do sth 到 …… 時間了 該 …… 了 It is time sb. did sth. 時間已遲了 早該 …… 了 It is time for you to go to bed. 你該睡覺了。 would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示 39。 I39。 I thought you might have some. 我以為你想要一些。 Christine was an invalid all her life. (含義：她已不在人間。 ) Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. ( 含義：現(xiàn)在還住在肯塔基州，有可能指剛離去 ) 注意： 用過去時表示現(xiàn)在，表示委婉語氣。 Did you want anything else? I wondered if you could help me. 2） 情態(tài)動詞 could, would. Could you lend me your bike? （ P108 略） 1現(xiàn)在完成時用來表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動作或狀 態(tài)，其結果的確和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系。其構成： have (has) +過去分詞。 It is the first time that I have visited the city. It was the third time that the boy had been late. 2） This is the… that… 結構， that 從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時 . This is the best film that I39。 This is the first time (that) I39。 ? 典型例題 (1) Do you know our town at all? No, this is the first time I ___ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am ing 答案 B. This is the first time 后面所加從句應為現(xiàn)在完成時，故選 B。s the first time I ___ here. A. even, e B. even, have e C. ever, e D. ever, have e 答案 D. ever意為曾經或無論何時，反意詞為never， 此兩詞常用于完成時。 注意：非延續(xù)性動詞的否定形式可以與表示延續(xù)時間的狀語連用。 （錯） I have received his letter for a month. （ 對） I haven39。 2）過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。 舉例： I saw this film yesterday. （ 強調看的動作發(fā)生過了。） Why did you get up so early? （ 強調起床的動作已發(fā)生過了。） She has returned from Paris. 她已從巴黎回來了。 He has been in the League for three years. (在團內的狀態(tài)可延續(xù) ) He has been a League member for three years. (是團員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù) ) ? He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入團， joined為短暫行為。s already been sent for. 句子中如有過去時的時間副詞（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960） 時，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時，要用過去時。 I have lived here for more than twenty years. I have lived here since I was born.. My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949. Some new oilfields have been opened up since 1976. I have known Xiao Li since she was a little girl. My brother has been in the Youth League for two years. I have not heard from my uncle for a long time. 注意：并非有 for 作為時間狀語的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時。 ) I have worked here for many years. (現(xiàn)在我仍在這里工作。 1) (對 ) Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now. 2) (錯 ) Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now. 顯然，第二句不對，它應改為 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years. ? 1) 用于完成時的區(qū)別 延續(xù)動詞表示經驗、經歷； 瞬間動詞表示行為的結 果，不能與表示段的時間狀語連用。 (表結果 ) I?ve known him since then. 我從那時起就認識他了。 He slept until ten o?clock. 他一直睡到 10點。 will 在陳述句中用于各人稱，在爭求意見時常用于第二人稱。 a. 主語的意圖，即將做某事。 The play is going to be produced next month。 We are to discuss the report next Saturday. 4) be about to +不定式，意為馬上做某事。 ? ? going to / will