【正文】 ? Bake Several Loaves Under “Normal” Conditions ? Have Taster Panel Again Do the Rating ? Average Rating is ? But Variation is too Great for a 6? Process 3 x 10 + 4 x 9 + 6 x 8 + 4 x 7 + 3 x 6 + 2 x 5 + 1 x 4 + 1 x 3 1 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 6 + 4 + 3 6? Overview Step 5.....Define Improvement Objectives for Y (Taste) How do we Define Improvement? ? Benchmark the Competition ? Focus on Defects ( . taste rating 7) ? Determine What is an “Acceptable Sigma Level” ? Set Improvement Objectives Accordingly Maybe a 5? Process Will Suffice! 1,000,000 100,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 “ BETTER BREAD” Baking Process Best Competitor Range for Improvement Defects Per Million Sigma Scale Freihofer WONDER Pepperidge Farm Sunbeam Analyze 6? Overview Step 6.....Identify Sources of Variation in Y (Taste) How do we Determine the Potential Sources of Variation (Xs)? ? Have the Chefs Brainstorm ? Some Likely Ones Might be: Amount of Salt Used Brand of Flour Baking Time Baking Temperature Brand of Yeast YEAST FLOUR Multiple Sources: Chefs, Suppliers, Controls Analyze 6? Overview Step 7.....Screen Potential Causes of Variation (Xs) How do we Screen for Causes of Variation (Xs)? ? Design an Experiment ? Use Different Sources of Potential Variation ? Have Panel Rate the Bread Used in the Experiment ? Results Lead to the “Vital Few” Causes YEAST FLOUR Source Conclusion Negligible Major Cause Negligible Major Cause Negligible Focus on The “Vital Few” Improve 6? Overview Step 8.....Discover Variable Relationships Between “Vital Few” (Xs) and Y How do we Find the Relationship Between the “Vital Few” (Xs) and Taste (Y)? ? Conduct a More Detailed Experiment ? Focus: Oven Temperature from 325 to 375 and 3 Brands of Flour ? RUN TEMP BRAND 1 325 A 2 325 B 3 325 C 4 350 A 5 350 B 6 350 C 7 375 A 8 375 B 9 375 C FLOUR FLOUR FLOUR Brand A Brand B Brand C Improve Results: 350 Brand A is Best Combination of Temperature Flour 176。 176。 177。 FLOUR Brand A But.....Is Our Measurement System Correct? Improve 6? Overview Step 10.....Validate the Measurement System for Xs How Could We Approach This? ? Need to Verify the Accuracy of Our Temperature Gauges ? Need for “Benchmark” Instrumentation for Comparison ? Rent Some Other “High End” Gauges ? Compare the Results Verify that our Instruments are Accurate Control 6? Overview Step 11.....Determine Ability to Control Vital Few Xs How Could We Approach This? ? Check A Number of Ovens ? Monitor Temperatures Over Time ? Focus on the Process Capability ? Look for Degree of Variation Variation OK But...Average is High (and the algorithm should be checked) 30 345 of Ovens Temperature 346 357 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 25 20 15 10 5 Control 6? Overview Step 12.....Implement Process Control System on Xs What do we do Going Forward? ? Check Ovens Daily for Temperature Levels ? Audit Usage Frequency of Alternative Flour Supplier (., Brand C) ? Periodically Reassemble the Panel to Test Taste ? Chart the Results And.....Plot the Data Over Time FLOUR “ Brand C” 354 353 352 351 350 349 348 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 Control ? 靜夜四無鄰，荒居舊業(yè)貧。 16:00:5816:00:5816:003/17/2023 4:00:58 PM ? 1以我獨沈久，愧君相見頻。 16:00:5816:00:5816:00Friday, March 17, 2023 ? 1乍見翻疑夢，相悲各問年。 2023年 3月 17日星期五 下午 4時 0分 58秒 16:00: ? 1比不了得就不比，得不到的就不要。 2023年 3月 下午 4時 0分 :00March 17, 2023 ? 1行動出成果，工作出財富。 下午 4時 0分 58秒 下午 4時 0分 16:00: ? 沒有失敗，只有暫時停止成功！。 16:00:5816:00:5816:003/17/2023 4:00:58 PM ? 1成功就是日復一日那一點點小小努力的積累。 16:00:5816:00:5816:00Friday, March 17, 2023 ? 1不知香積寺，數(shù)里入云峰。 2023年 3月 17日星期五 下午 4時 0分 58秒 16:00: ? 1楚塞三湘接，荊門九派通。 2023年 3月 下午 4時 0分 :00March 17, 2023 ? 1少年十五二十時，步行奪得胡馬騎。 下午 4時 0分 58秒 下午 4時 0分 16:00: ? 楊柳散和風，青山澹吾慮。 16:00:5816:00:5816:003/17/2023 4:00:58 PM ? 1越是沒有本領的就越加自命不凡。 16:00:5816:00:5816:00Friday, March 17, 2023 ? 1知人者智，自知者明。 :00:5816:00:58March 17, 2023 ? 1意志堅強的人能把世界放在手中像泥塊一樣任意揉捏。 2023年 3月 下午 4時 0分 :00March 17, 2023 ? 1業(yè)余生活要有意義，不要越軌。 下午 4時 0分 58秒 下午 4時 0分 16:00: MOMODA POWERPOINT Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Fusce id urna blandit, eleifend nulla ac, fringilla purus. Nulla iaculis tempor felis ut cursus. 感謝您的下載觀看 專家告訴