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gle between dust lane and major axis of host galaxyRelaxed systemUnrelaxed system Coplanar binarydisk system: resonant interactionn The potential due to the secondaryrrsFourier expensionΚ :epicyclic frequency?Secondary perturbation: initiates density waves at Lindlad resonance radiusm=The whole inner region is destroyed by wavesn Opens a gap in the accretion diskn The outer boundary of the gap:n The inner boundary:Lin Papaloizou, 1986, ApJr=R/R0。當(dāng)雙黑洞并合時(shí),星系進(jìn)入其中老年時(shí)期,所以相對(duì)較暗n 觀測(cè) : Interruption time scale: ~ Myr– 理論 :當(dāng)吸積盤物質(zhì)重新充滿內(nèi)區(qū)時(shí)新噴流產(chǎn)生。 Zhao, Liu, Wu, 2023, AA, in preparation)? Hydrodynamics? Periodic outbursts due to (1) binarydisk interaction, (2) precession of jet orientation and (3) motion of plasma in helical jets in AGNs ? doublepeaked outbursts if accretion is advection dominated (ADAF)? Lowluminosity AGNs (. BL Lac objects)? One is thermal and the other is synchrotron emission from jets? singlepeaked outbursts if accretion disk is a standard thin disk (. Blazars except BL Lacs)n Data: bination of two databases (USA)– University of Michigan Radio Astronomy Observatory (UMRAO)n35 years。 –45 BL Lac objects 91 Quasarsn Data analysis–Fourier spectrum analysis, etc?(3/2)?2? 3??/2Fundamental frequencyFour typesIn 29/45 BL Lac objects and 49/91 quasars: P~110 yr超大質(zhì)量雙黑洞并合:、引力波源Space and Time are periodically distortedLaser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA)在地球 太陽(yáng)系統(tǒng)的第二拉格朗日點(diǎn)繞太陽(yáng)旋轉(zhuǎn)當(dāng)引力波掃過(guò)三個(gè)探測(cè)器時(shí)引起相對(duì)位置