【正文】 ndustrial Financial Personal Mortgage Trust Department 124 Functions Airline Operations Finance/ Accounting Marketing Ground Support Flight Operations Facility Maintenance Catering Airline 169。 Deming 1950) Computer (Atanasoff 1938) CPM/PERT (DuPont 1957) 150 The Heritage of Operations Management Continued Material requirements planning (Orlicky 1960) Computer aided design (CAD 1970) Flexible manufacturing system (FMS 1975) Baldrige Quality Awards (1980) Computer integrated manufacturing (1990) Globalization(1992) Inter (1995) 151 Eli Whitney ? Born 1765。 1995 Corel Corp. 152 Frederick W. Taylor ? Born 1856。 1995 Corel Corp. 153 Taylor: Management Should Take More Responsibility for ?Matching employees to right job ?Providing the proper training ?Providing proper work methods and tools ?Establishing legitimate incentives for work to be acplished 154 Frank Lillian Gilbreth ? Frank (18681924)。 1995 Corel Corp. 155 ? Born 1863。 1995 Corel Corp. ‘Any color as long as it’s black’ 156 W. Edwards Deming ? Born 1900。 tF i n an c e , I n s u r an c eW h ol e s al e T r ad eT r an s p or t, P u b l i c U ti l .C on s tr u c ti onF e d e r al G ov e r n m e n tM i n i n g164 Organizations in Each Sector Service Sector Example % of all Jobs Professional services, education, legal, medical New York City PS108, Notre Dame University, San Diego Zoo Trade (retail, wholesale) Walgreen?s, WalMart, Nordstroms Utilities, transportation Pacific Gas Electric, American Airlines, Santa Fe , Roadway Express (Operations Management by Jay Heizer, Barry Render, 7e) 165 Organizations in Each Sector Service Sector Example % of all Jobs Business Repair Services Snelling Snelling, Waste Management, PitneyBowes Finance, Insurance, Real Estate Citicorp, American Express, Prudential, Aetna, Trammel Crow Food, Lodging, Entertainment McDonald?s, Hard Rock Caf233。 1995 Corel Corp. 170 Characteristics of Service ? Intangible product ? Produced consumed at same time ? Often unique ? High customer interaction ? Inconsistent product definition ? Often knowledgebased ? Frequently dispersed 169。 in c re a s in g ly f le x ib le p ro d u c ti o n p ro c e s s e s Mass c u s to m iz a ti o n J o b s p e c ia li z a ti o n C h a n g in g s o c io c u lt u ra l m il ie u . In c re a s in g ly a k n o w le d g e a n d in fo rm a ti o n s o c ie ty . E m p o w e re d e m p lo y e e s , te a m s , a n d l e a n p ro d u c ti o n L o w c o s t fo c u s E n v ir o n m e n ta l is s u e s , IS O 1 4 0 0 0 , in c re a s in g d is p o s a l c o s ts E n v ir o n m e n ta ll y s e n s it iv e p ro d u c ti o n , G re e n m a n u fa c tu ri n g , re c y c le d m a te ri a ls , re m a n u fa c tu ri n g 178 Situation That Operations Face Nowadays ?Globalization ?Environmental Issues Green manufacturing ?Timebased petition Time and motion study aiming to shorten processing time Improving flexibility by reducing the setup time Cutting RD time by introducing concurrent engineering(CE) Zero time by Agile Management and SCM 179 New trends in Operations Management ?Emphasis on POM which is a gateway to corporate strategies ?Business process reengineering ?Lean production ?Supply chain management ?Agile management Virtual enterprise, winwin solution ?Mass customization ?Emerce 180 The Purchasing Managers Index (PMI) ☆ The index is like the Dow Jones Industrials Average, but instead of rise and fall of a set of stocks, the PMI measures the rise and fall of manufacturing in the United States. ☆ The index is calculated using a set of measures of new manufacturing orders, production volume, supplier deliveries, inventory levels, and employment. The data are collected from a monthly survey conducted by NAPM, the National Association of Purchasing Management. ☆ The PMI is a leading indicator of economic activity, percent is the threshold, GDP is expanding if above it, and a PMI below percent shows that the GDP is generally declining. 181 182 Finally, I?d like leave a couple of minutes for you guys to form into several 3to5person groups which are based on individual students? consent and each group should contain no more than 5 students. 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