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【正文】 ? Free markets allocate the demand for goods to the sellers who can produce them at least cost. ? Free markets produce the quantity of goods that maximizes the sum of consumer and producer surplus. Figure 8 The Efficiency of the Equilibrium Quantity Copyright169。 2023 SouthWestern Evaluating the Market Equilibrium ? Because the equilibrium oute is an efficient allocation of resources, the social planner can leave the market oute as he/she finds it. ? This policy of leaving well enough alone goes by the French expression laissez faire. Copyright 169。 2023 SouthWestern Evaluating the Market Equilibrium ? Externalities ? created when a market oute affects individuals other than buyers and sellers in that market. ? cause welfare in a market to depend on more than just the value to the buyers and cost to the sellers. ? When buyers and sellers do not take externalities into account when deciding how much to consume and produce, the equilibrium in the market can be inefficient. Copyright 169。 2023 SouthWestern Summary ? Producer surplus equals the amount sellers receive for their goods minus their costs of production. ? Producer surplus measures the benefit sellers get from participating in a market. ? Producer surplus can be puted by finding the area below the price and above the supply curve. Copyright 169。 2023 SouthWestern Summary ? The equilibrium of demand and supply maximizes the sum of consumer and producer surplus. ? This is as if the invisible hand of the marketplace leads buyers and sellers to allocate resources efficiently. ? Markets do not allocate resources efficiently in the presence of market failures. Copyright 169。 , January 30, 2023 ? 雨中黃葉樹，燈下白頭人。 :29:5204:29Jan2330Jan23 ? 1故人江海別，幾度隔山川。 :29:5204:29:52January 30, 2023 ? 1他鄉(xiāng)生白發(fā)，舊國見青山。 。 2023年 1月 30日星期一 4時 29分 52秒 04:29:5230 January 2023 ? 1做前，能夠環(huán)視四周；做時，你只能或者最好沿著以腳為起點(diǎn)的射線向前。 , January 30, 2023 ? 很多事情努力了未必有結(jié)果，但是不努力卻什么改變也沒有。 :29:5204:29Jan2330Jan23 ? 1世間成事，不求其絕對圓滿，留一份不足，可得無限完美。 :29:5204:29:52January 30, 2023 ? 1意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的人能把世界放在手中像泥塊一樣任意揉捏。 。 2023年 1月 30日星期一 4時 29分 52秒 04:29:5230 January 2023 ? 1空山新雨后，天氣晚來秋。 , January 30, 2023 ? 閱讀一切好書如同和過去最杰出的人談話。 :29:5204:29Jan2330Jan23 ? 1越是無能的人，越喜歡挑剔別人的錯兒。勝人者有力，自勝者強(qiáng)。 2023年 1月 30日星期一 上午 4時 29分 52秒 04:29: ? 1最具挑戰(zhàn)性的挑戰(zhàn)莫過于提升自我。 2023年 1月 30日星期一 4時 29分 52秒 04:29:5230 January 2023 ? 1一個人即使已登上頂峰，也仍要自
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