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ly of the nuclear lamina and shrinkage of the nucleus. ?Proteins required for cell structure. Such as IF, actin, and gelsilin. Cleavage and inactivation of these proteins lead to changes in cell shape. Induce cell display signals marked it for phagocytosis . ?The inhibitor of CAD (Caspaseactivated Dnase, an endonuclease). Cleavage of CAD inhibitor lead to activation of CAD, once activated, CAD translocates from the cytosol to the nucleus severing DNA into fragments. ?Enzymes involved in DNA repair. Which are inactivated by caspase cleavage. DNA repair is a homeostatic activity that is inappropriate in an apoptotic cell. Molecular pathways of apoptosis Two principle pathways Extrinsic pathway Intrinsic pathway (1) Extrinsic pathway: Fas Signaling Pathway Fas (also called Apo1 or CD95) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily. Receptormediated pathway of apoptosis Bcl2 Family(cytoplasmic factors): Bad,Bid,and bax: promote apoptosis。 and Caspase Cascade,… Activation of caspase2 is required for permeabilization of mitochondria, release of cytochrome c, and apoptosis Pathways to cell death in C. elegans and mammals