【正文】 , a doctoral student from China, I have begun exploring how well blind people understand the symbolism behind shapes such as hearts that do not directly represent their meaning.Words associated with circle/squareAgreement among subjects (%)SOFTHARD100MOTHERFATHER94HAPPYSAD94GOODEVIL89LOVEHATE89ALIVEDEAD87BRIGHTDARK87LIGHTHEAVY85WARMCOLD81SUMMERWINTER81WEAKSTRONG79FASTSLOW79CATDOG74SPRINGFALL74QUIETLOUD62WALKINGSTANDING62ODDEVEN57FARNEAR53PLANTANIMAL53DEEPSHALLOW51We gave a list of twenty pairs of words to sighted subjects and asked them to pick from each pair the term that best related to a circle and the term that best related to a square. For example, we asked: What goes with soft? A circle or a square? Which shape goes with hard?All our subjects deemed the circle soft and the square hard. A full 94% ascribed happy to the circle, instead of sad. But other pairs revealed less agreement: 79% matched fast to slow and weak to strong, respectively. And only 51% linked deep to circle and shallow to square. (See Fig. 2.) When we tested four totally blind volunteers using the same list, we found that their choices closely resembled those made by the sighted subjects. One man, who had been blind since birth, scored extremely well. He made only one match differing from the con senses, assigning ‘far’ to square and ‘near’ to circle. In fact, only a small majority of sighted subjects – 53% – had paired far and near to the opposite partners. Thus, we concluded that the blind interpret abstract shapes as sighted people do.Fig. 2 Subjects were asked which word in each pair its best with a circle and which with a square. These percentages show the level of consensus among sighted subjects.Questions 27–29Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write your answers in boxes 27–29 on your answer sheet.27 In the ?rst paragraph the writer makes the point that blind peopleA may be interested in studying art.B can draw outlines of different objects and surfaces.C can recognize conventions such as perspective.D can draw accurately.28 The writer was surprised because the blind womanA drew a circle on her own initiative.B did not understand what a wheel looked like.C included a symbol representing movement.D was the ?rst person to use lines of motion.29 From the experiment described in Part 1, the writer found that the blind subjectsA had good understanding of symbols representing movement.B could control the movement of wheels very accurately.C worked together well as a group in solving problems.D got better results than the sighted undergraduates.Questions 30–32Look at the following diagrams (Questions 30–32), and the list of types of movement below. Match each diagram to the type of movement A–E generally assigned to it in the experiment. Choose the correct letter A–E and write them in boxes 30–32 on your answer sheet.30 31 32A steady spinning B jerky movement C rapid spinningD wobbling movementE use of brakesQuestions 33–39Complete the summary below using words from the box. Write your answers in boxes 33–39 on your answer sheet. NB You may use any word more than once.In the experiment described in Part 2, a set of word 33…… was used to investigate whether blind and sighted people perceived the symbolism in abstract 34…… in the same way. Subjects were asked which word toted best with a circle and which with a square. From the35…… volunteers, everyone thought a circle toted ‘soft’ while a square toted ‘hard’. However, only 51% of the 36…… volunteers assigned a circle to 37…… . When the test was later repeated with 38…… volunteers, it was found that they made 39…… choices.associationsblinddeephardhundredidenticalpairsshapessightedsimilarshallowsoftwordsQuestion 40Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write your answer in box 40 on your answer sheet.Which of the following statements best summarises the writer’s general conclusion?A The blind represent some aspects of reality differently from sighted people. B The blind prehend visual metaphors in similar ways to sighted people. C The blind may create unusual and effective symbols to represent reality.D The blind may be successful artists if given the right training.WritingX WRITING XWRITING TASK 1You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The table below shows the proportion of different categories of families living in poverty in Australia in 1999.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make parisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.Family typeProportion of people from each household type living in povertysingle aged person aged couplesingle, no children couple, no children sole parentcouple with childrenall households6% (54,000)4% (48,000)19% (359,000)7% (211,000)21% (232,000)12% (933,000)11% (1,837,000)WRITING TASK 2You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Write about the following topic:Compare the advantages and disadvantages of three of the following as media for municating information. State which you consider to be the most effective.? ics? books? radio? television? ?lm? theatreGive reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.Write at least 250 words.SpeakingX SPEAKING XPA RT 1The examiner asks the candidate about him/herself, his/her home, work or studies and other familiar topics.EXAMPLE Friends? Are your friends mostly your age or different ages? [Why?]? Do you usually see your friends