【正文】 , would have called D．had needed, would call 答案與分析1．選A。從各選項(xiàng)中分析只有A符合虛擬條件句的語(yǔ)法規(guī)則。前文已經(jīng)給出，這是一個(gè)與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件從句。從兩個(gè)方面分析都應(yīng)選D。s advice動(dòng)作本身分析，這是個(gè)非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，所以它只能是要么已經(jīng)，要么將來(lái)，即要么與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，要么與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反。也可以從主句中分析。從全句的意思上看，從句也應(yīng)是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反。上一題考查從句中時(shí)態(tài)的選用，而本題則是考查主句時(shí)態(tài)的選用。5．選D。have to被否定后的意思是“不是不得不”，“不是非得”。t have, you haven39。B項(xiàng)不是虛擬語(yǔ)氣，C項(xiàng)是與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)事實(shí)相反故也須排除。根據(jù)問(wèn)句，if條件從句及全句的意思，主句只能理解為與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反， would have是would have caught的省略。從句應(yīng)理解為與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，故選had been。問(wèn)句中雖用現(xiàn)在時(shí)，但實(shí)際上是詢(xún)問(wèn)過(guò)去的事，故主從句都是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，所以would have had是對(duì)的。與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的從句是過(guò)去完成時(shí)，故選hadn39。run out of意為“用光”。從句中的tomorrow morning已經(jīng)告知我們，本句可理解為與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反，A、D兩項(xiàng)都不 對(duì)。11．選C。12．選B。13．疑問(wèn)句是詢(xún)問(wèn)將來(lái)，故用與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的C項(xiàng)。第一句中的made是指過(guò)去，回答要同上文的時(shí)間相符，所以，主句和從句均是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反。條件從句的tell說(shuō)明這不是一個(gè)虛擬條件，因此選用真實(shí)意義的D項(xiàng)。would you please并不是虛擬語(yǔ)氣，而是一種很委婉的祈使句，故從句也不用虛擬條件，而選用真實(shí)條件的see。第一句已清楚地道出過(guò)去的一個(gè)事實(shí)。18．選B。19．選A。20．選C。A層次選題：（二）1．I don39。ll attend the party, and ______ B．had C．should D．did 2． ______ she a man, she would run for president. A．If were D．Is 3． ______ you were ing today, I would have met you at the railway station. A．Have I known D．If he is leaving 5．Had you driven slowlier, the accident ______ . A．might not happen B．might not have happened C．didn39。t happened 6． ______ I see him, I shall let you know. A．Shall B．Can C．May s impossible that it will rain. But if it ______ we would put off the plan. A．were to rain B．had rained C．rains D．would rain 8．I39。d try again. A．were fail B．had failed C．fails D．should fail 9．It looks as if they ______ the truth, but in fact they are not. A．a(chǎn)re telling B．tell C．told B．has told C．had told D．would tell 12．I39。t know his address. I wish I ______ it. A．39。 B．39。t leave t left C．haven39。 D．was not leaving 14．I wish he ______ with us, but I39。t ing. A．is ing B．would eC．came D．had e 15．He insisted that nothing ______ till he arrived. A．must be started D．sold 17．It39。ll hear B．hears C．should hears astonishing that she ______ sad at news that it has nothing to do with her. A．felt B．should feel C．39。 D．would feel 20．It was strange that we ______ short of water in the country where it was always raining. A．a(chǎn)re D．both B and C 答案與分析1．選C。本句就是這種省略并倒裝后的結(jié)構(gòu)，原來(lái)的形式是if you should…。分析參閱上面第1題。3．選C。本句原來(lái)的形式是if I had known。分析參閱上面第1題。5．選B。這是一個(gè)與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的條件從句，根據(jù)全句意思分析，主句也應(yīng)是指過(guò)去才合邏輯。如選A、B、C三項(xiàng)都是疑問(wèn)句形式，而本句并不是，故應(yīng)排除。第一，should還有一種特殊的含義，它用在虛擬條件從句時(shí)可表示將來(lái)不太可能發(fā)生的事，但又并不是完全不可能的，只是發(fā)生的可能性極小。第二，條件從句采用了含有should將其變化為省略倒裝形式。7．選A。were to可用于表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句中。分析同上。9．選D。當(dāng)然，as if所引導(dǎo)的從句是一種與事實(shí)相符的比喻，也可不使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，但本題第二句已清楚地表明as if從句的比喻并不是真實(shí)的，故A項(xiàng)不對(duì)。10．選D。參見(jiàn)本章語(yǔ)法說(shuō)明。從as soon as從句中得知， tell所發(fā)生的時(shí)間是過(guò)去的事，即是先于seem發(fā)生，故用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。know和wish是同時(shí)發(fā)生的，故用過(guò)去時(shí)。對(duì)以前未能實(shí)現(xiàn)事情的一種愿望，故用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。isn39。希望將來(lái)不能發(fā)生的事，故用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。 insist作“要求別人做某事”解，其賓語(yǔ)從句用should型虛擬語(yǔ)氣。這種should型虛擬語(yǔ)氣，有時(shí)可將should省略，后面只留下不定式。17．本句話有“要求”的意思，故選C。C、D為主動(dòng)，在此不妥。選B表示了說(shuō)話人帶有一種十分驚訝的感情，選A項(xiàng)與she的人稱(chēng)不相一致，是錯(cuò)的。20．選D。B層次選題：（一）1．I would buy that car，if I ______ enough money. A．have B．had C．will have s lecture, ______ . A．if he got up earlier B．unless he had got up earlier C．but he got up rather late D．but he had got up so late 3． ______ their help in the past years, he would be living a hard life and might even have starve to death. A．With B．If it were not for C．If it had not been for D．If not 4．If it had not rained yesterday, the ground ______ muddy now. A．is not B．will not be C．would not be D．would not have been5． You ______ any difficulty now, if you had made a more careful plan. A．won39。 D．but that 7．What would you wish to do if you were to be a college student again? That39。s very good. I wished I ______ , but I was busy with my report. A．had D．were 9．Mr Johnson said angrily, “Don39。m not. We are both the boss39。 D．had been 10． ______ the thick fence, he would have been more fearful. A．But for D．both A and B 11．He talked as if he ______ to Beijing, but I knew he hadn39。 D．would have been 12．Would you have told him the awswer, if possible? Yes, I would have, but I ______ very busy. A．had been B．were C．was D．was born14．If we ______ Steven39。 B．had taken C．have taken t be B．will not have been C．wouldn39。t ______ in the rain. A．had put on, be walking B．put on, walkC．put on, be walking D．should put on, walk 17．Why is the window broken? If I ______ care, it ______ . A．took, wouldn39。t have happened C．took, wouldn39。t happen 18．Do you think the thief entered through the side door? No, if he had, he ______ the living room window. A．would break B．would have broken C．wouldn39。t have broken 19．I ______ one of Tom39。 B．want C．didn39。 D．don39。ve forgotten his telephone number. If I ______ it down, I ______ you now. A．put, would have told B．put, would tell C．had put, would have told D．had put, would tell 答案與分析1．選B。但本句在沒(méi)有語(yǔ)言環(huán)境的情況下，也可以看做是一個(gè)過(guò)去的真實(shí)條件句。might have e在含有虛擬條件復(fù)合句的主句中表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，也可用于真實(shí)的情況，意即“可能已經(jīng)”，但仔細(xì)分析四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，其中無(wú)一可以在語(yǔ)法，時(shí)態(tài)和含義上同前面的句子相一致，故只能將 might have e看做是虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。B項(xiàng)中的unless不能用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣條件。D項(xiàng)中的過(guò)去完成時(shí)，在沒(méi)有任何參照的情況下是不對(duì)的。如用with則全句的邏輯關(guān)系不成立，而用D項(xiàng)其語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)有錯(cuò)。B、C這兩種用法只能表示虛擬條件，不能表示真實(shí)條件，其意思是“如果沒(méi)有”。虛擬條件從句雖是指過(guò)去，但從其與主句的邏輯關(guān)系上分析，主句只能是現(xiàn)在，故選C，從now 一詞也可得出這一結(jié)論。分析方法同上。otherwise在這是一個(gè)虛擬條件從句的替代詞，它代替了if he hadn39。7．選A。8．選A。問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵是要看wish和從句中的動(dòng)詞的時(shí)間先后關(guān)系，無(wú)論wish本身是何種時(shí)態(tài)，它與這個(gè)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)間關(guān)系是固定不變的，在變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，我們會(huì)更能體會(huì)到這種關(guān)系：He said，“I wish I had been there. ”He said that he wished he had been there. wish的時(shí)態(tài)變了，可它與后面動(dòng)詞的時(shí)間關(guān)系并沒(méi)有變。9．選A。10．選D。但前者只用來(lái)表示虛擬條件，而后者用于虛擬和真實(shí)均可。11．選C。12．選C。13．選B。14．選B。15．選A。16．選A。t后用進(jìn)行時(shí)較妥。第一句雖用了一個(gè)現(xiàn)在時(shí)的疑問(wèn)句，但“打碎”這個(gè)動(dòng)作確是已經(jīng)發(fā)生了。18．選D。19．選C。20．選D。B層次選題：（二）1．It is strange that she ______ marry such an ugly man. A．would B．should C．shalls not right that the meeting ______ off till tomorrow. A．must be put B．must have missed C．should have missed s a pity that he ______ such a good chance. A．should miss B．should have missed C．has missed D．a(chǎn)ll the above5．He tried to find some excuse for the debt, but I insisted that he ______ it off