【正文】 。具體分析詳見本章語法說明部分。當(dāng)然，as if所引導(dǎo)的從句是一種與事實相符的比喻，也可不使用虛擬語氣，但本題第二句已清楚地表明as if從句的比喻并不是真實的，故A項不對。而B、C兩項都沒有用進行時，這與第二句不相符。10．選D。從as if從句所指的事是不可能發(fā)生的，故須用虛擬語氣。參見本章語法說明。11．選C。從as soon as從句中得知， tell所發(fā)生的時間是過去的事，即是先于seem發(fā)生，故用過去完成時。12．選C。know和wish是同時發(fā)生的，故用過去時。13．選B。對以前未能實現(xiàn)事情的一種愿望，故用過去完成時。14．選B。isn39。t ing是指將來。希望將來不能發(fā)生的事，故用過去將來時。15．選D。 insist作“要求別人做某事”解，其賓語從句用should型虛擬語氣。16．選C。這種should型虛擬語氣，有時可將should省略，后面只留下不定式。因此，C項的sell是不定式，不能有人稱變化。17．本句話有“要求”的意思，故選C。18．選A。C、D為主動，在此不妥。19．選B。選B表示了說話人帶有一種十分驚訝的感情，選A項與she的人稱不相一致，是錯的。參見本章語法說明。20．選D。見本章語法說明。B層次選題：（一）1．I would buy that car，if I ______ enough money. A．have B．had C．will have D．had had 2．Ford might have e to school in time for Professor Smith39。s lecture, ______ . A．if he got up earlier B．unless he had got up earlier C．but he got up rather late D．but he had got up so late 3． ______ their help in the past years, he would be living a hard life and might even have starve to death. A．With B．If it were not for C．If it had not been for D．If not 4．If it had not rained yesterday, the ground ______ muddy now. A．is not B．will not be C．would not be D．would not have been5． You ______ any difficulty now, if you had made a more careful plan. A．won39。t meet with B．would not meet with C．would not have met with D．have not met with 6．He did his best in everything, ______ he would not have been what he was. A．a(chǎn)nd B．but C．otherwise D．but that 7．What would you wish to do if you were to be a college student again? That39。s very hard to say, but I wish I ______ biology when I was a college student. A．had studied B．studied C．study D．have studied 8．You should have gone to the show with us yeaterday. It39。s very good. I wished I ______ , but I was busy with my report. A．had B．did C．would have D．were 9．Mr Johnson said angrily, “Don39。t order me about, as if I ______ your wife. I39。m not. We are both the boss39。s men. ”A．were B．a(chǎn)m C．would be D．had been 10． ______ the thick fence, he would have been more fearful. A．But for B．Without C．If it were not for D．both A and B 11．He talked as if he ______ to Beijing, but I knew he hadn39。t. A．went B．wereC．had been D．would have been 12．Would you have told him the awswer, if possible? Yes, I would have, but I ______ very busy. A．had been B．were C．was D．would be 13．If he ______ in England, what language could he probably speak now?A．were born B．had been born C．would have been born D．was born14．If we ______ Steven39。s advice, we would not be lost in the forest. A．took B．had taken C．have taken D．would take15．If the govenment had built more houses for the homeless people after the earth quake, the housing problems now in some parts of the city ______ so serious now. A．wouldn39。t be B．will not have been C．wouldn39。t have been D．would have not been 16．What a heavy rain it is! If we ______ the rain coat, we wouldn39。t ______ in the rain. A．had put on, be walking B．put on, walkC．put on, be walking D．should put on, walk 17．Why is the window broken? If I ______ care, it ______ . A．took, wouldn39。t happen B．had taken, wouldn39。t have happened C．took, wouldn39。t have happened D．had taken, wouldn39。t happen 18．Do you think the thief entered through the side door? No, if he had, he ______ the living room window. A．would break B．would have broken C．wouldn39。t break D．wouldn39。t have broken 19．I ______ one of Tom39。s paintings, but if I had, he would have given it to me. A．wanted B．want C．didn39。t want D．don39。t want 20．I39。ve forgotten his telephone number. If I ______ it down, I ______ you now. A．put, would have told B．put, would tell C．had put, would have told D．had put, would tell 答案與分析1．選B。根據(jù)主從句之間在邏輯上的時間關(guān)系，應(yīng)視為同時發(fā)生故選B。但本句在沒有語言環(huán)境的情況下，也可以看做是一個過去的真實條件句。2．選C。might have e在含有虛擬條件復(fù)合句的主句中表示與過去事實相反，也可用于真實的情況，意即“可能已經(jīng)”，但仔細分析四個選項，其中無一可以在語法，時態(tài)和含義上同前面的句子相一致，故只能將 might have e看做是虛擬語氣的用法。如果是這樣，A項中的got up指與現(xiàn)在事實相反的虛擬條件，這與主句不合邏輯。B項中的unless不能用于虛擬語氣條件。C項是一個指過去發(fā)生的真實事件，這正和與過去事實相反的主句相一致，而虛擬條件從句也被省略，它應(yīng)該是if he had got up early。D項中的過去完成時，在沒有任何參照的情況下是不對的。3．選C。如用with則全句的邏輯關(guān)系不成立，而用D項其語法結(jié)構(gòu)有錯。in the past years已經(jīng)告訴我們應(yīng)與過去事實相反的條件從句，所以只有C是對的，B項用來表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反，也應(yīng)排除。B、C這兩種用法只能表示虛擬條件，不能表示真實條件，其意思是“如果沒有”。4．選C。虛擬條件從句雖是指過去，但從其與主句的邏輯關(guān)系上分析，主句只能是現(xiàn)在，故選C，從now 一詞也可得出這一結(jié)論。5．選B。分析方法同上。6．選C。otherwise在這是一個虛擬條件從句的替代詞，它代替了if he hadn39。t done his best。7．選A。從wish后的過去時間狀語判斷，這應(yīng)該是一個對過去未能實現(xiàn)事情的一種愿望，故應(yīng)使用過去完成時。8．選A。在確定wish后從句的時態(tài)時，不要受wish本身時態(tài)的影響，它同對從句時態(tài)的確定毫無關(guān)系。問題的關(guān)鍵是要看wish和從句中的動詞的時間先后關(guān)系，無論wish本身是何種時態(tài)，它與這個動詞的時間關(guān)系是固定不變的，在變成間接引語時，我們會更能體會到這種關(guān)系：He said，“I wish I had been there. ”He said that he wished he had been there. wish的時態(tài)變了，可它與后面動詞的時間關(guān)系并沒有變。請參閱本章的語法說明。9．選A。根據(jù)句意，這是一個與現(xiàn)在事實相反的比喻，準(zhǔn)確地說，是一個與主句動詞同時發(fā)生的一個動作，故用一般過去時的were。10．選D。But for（如果沒有）和without都可用于表示條件，并沒有時間限制，它們既有If it were not for的意思，也有if it had not been for的意思。但前者只用來表示虛擬條件，而后者用于虛擬和真實均可。C 項表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反，這與主句不能成立。11．選C。as if后時態(tài)的確定同wish一樣，也不要受主句時態(tài)的影響，對它的分析請見上面第8題及其分析。12．選C。but引出的內(nèi)容是一個事實。13．選B。從句用與過去事實相反的過去完成時才能合句意。14．選B。從句只能指過去。15．選A。主句中的now一詞已表明是與現(xiàn)在事實相反。16．選A。從句應(yīng)理解為與過去事實相反，故用過去完成時，句首的感嘆句告訴我們，這是一個當(dāng)前的情景，所以wouldn39。t后用進行時較妥。17．選B。第一句雖用了一個現(xiàn)在時的疑問句，但“打碎”這個動作確是已經(jīng)發(fā)生了。所以主從句都應(yīng)視為過去事實相反。18．選D。用與過去事實相反的否定句才合邏輯。19．選C。從虛擬條件從句及其主句可判斷出這是一個過去發(fā)生的否定的事實。20．選D。從句是指過去，而主句是指現(xiàn)在。B層次選題：（二）1．It is strange that she ______ marry such an ugly man. A．would B．should C．shall D．must2．It39。s not right that the meeting ______ off till tomorrow. A．must be put B．must put C．will be put D．be put 3．It was impossible that he ______ the train, for he had started out very early. A．could have missed B．must have missed C．should have missed D．should miss 4．It39。s a pity that he ______ such a good chance. A．should miss B．should have missed C．has missed D．a(chǎn)ll the above5．He tried to find some excuse for the debt, but I insisted that he ______ it