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oken English interactions between speakers of the language around the world. She says her team has noticed that nonnative speakers are varying standard English grammar in several ways. Even the most petent sometimes leave the “s” off the third person singular. It is also mon for nonnative speakers to use “which” for humans and “who” for non humans (“things who” and “people which”).賽德爾霍弗教授還是維也納牛津國際英語(聲音)庫[ViennaOxford International Corpus of English (Voice)]的創(chuàng)始人,英語庫正在對世界各地的英語使用者的英語口語交流進(jìn)行錄音和筆錄。即便是那些英語非常好的人有時也會忘記在第三人稱單數(shù)形式后加上“s”。Prof Seidlhofer adds that many non native speakers leave out definite and indefinite articles where they are required in standard English or put them in where standard English does not use them. Examples are “they have a respect for all” or “he is very good person”. Nouns that are not plural in nativespeaker English are used as plurals by nonnative speakers (“informations”, “knowledges”, “advices”). Other variations include “make a discussion”, “discuss about something” or “phone to somebody”.賽德爾霍弗教授補充稱,在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語要求使用定冠詞和不定冠詞時,許多非英語母語人士會忘記這一點,或是在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語不使用定冠詞和不定冠詞時加上冠詞,例如:“they have a respect for all” 或 “he is very good person”。其它變異包括“make a discussion”、“discuss about something”或 “phone to somebody”?!癒nowledges”和“phone to somebody”完全是錯誤的。但語言會變化,語法正誤的概念也會變化。Those who insist on standard English grammar remain in a powerful position. Scientists and academics who want their work published in international journals have to adhere to the grammatical rules followed by the native Englishspeaking elites.那些堅持標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語語法的人仍處于強大地位。But spoken English is another matter. Why should nonnative speakers bother with what native speakers regard as correct? Their main aim, after all, is to be understood by one another. As Mr Graddol says, in most cases there is no native speaker present.但英語口語就完全不同了。正如葛拉多爾所說,在大多數(shù)場合,根本就沒有英語母語人士在場。.賽德爾霍弗教授表示,非母語人士講的英語“是一種自然語言,而自然語言難以通過‘立法39?!癐 think rather than a new international standard, what we are looking at is the emergence of a new ‘international attitude39。 – a new international assertiveness, so to speak.”“我認(rèn)為,與其說我們看到的是一個新的國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn),不如說是一種新的‘國際態(tài)度39。——這可以說是一種新的國際自信。 to their colleagues or consciously adopting simpler expressions, for the English of their interlocutors may be as fluent as their own. It is a natural process of acmodation, which in due course could lead to new standardised forms.”當(dāng)母語人士在國際組織中工作時,有些人表示,他們的語言在變化。自己的同事,也不是在有意識地采用更簡單的表達(dá)方式,因為對話者的英語可能和他們一樣流利。”Perhaps written English will eventually make these acmodations too. Today, having an article published in the Harvard Business Review or the British Medical Journal represents a substantial professional acplishment for a business academic from China or a medical researcher from Thailand. But it is possible to imagine a time when a panAsian journal, for example, bees equally, or more, prestigious and imposes its own “Globish” grammatical standards on writers – its editors changing “the patient feels” to “the patient feel”.也許書面英語最終也會進(jìn)行這種調(diào)節(jié)。但我們可以想象,也許有一天,一個泛亞洲刊物會具有同樣或是更高的聲望,并要求作者采用自己的“國際英語(Globish)”語法標(biāo)準(zhǔn)——它的編輯將“the patient feels” 改成“the patient feel”。