【正文】 FedEx’s tollfree number resulting in high telephone and labor expenses –客戶服務(wù) Better Customer Service ? Customers still have a choice for how they interact with the pany, whether by , phone, fax or other means （ 950,000 customer like by Web） JustInTime Delivery: Fed Express InterNetShip (cont.) B2B的體系結(jié)構(gòu) ? 基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施： ? 運(yùn)行數(shù)據(jù)庫和應(yīng)用軟件的服務(wù)器 ? 開展賣方活動(dòng)的軟件，包括目錄銷售的軟件 ? 拍賣與反向拍賣的軟件 ? 客戶管理軟件，與呼叫中心關(guān)聯(lián) ? 安全管理的軟硬件 ? 建立店面的軟件 ? 其它軟件 ? 電信網(wǎng)絡(luò)與協(xié)議 EDI ——B2B ? 傳輸標(biāo)準(zhǔn)交易信息的網(wǎng)絡(luò) A work for transmitting standard transactions ? 無紙化的交易處理環(huán)境 A paperless TPS environment ? 商務(wù)信息 Routine documents： purchase order, billings, shipping manifests ? 數(shù)據(jù)格式標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與 EDI翻譯器 Documents translated into standard business language ? In use since the 1970s on private VANs. Save time, reduce errors in data entry, save money, consistent information flow ? Provide strategic advantages提高策略優(yōu)勢(shì) EDI Standard ? United Nation EDI ? EDIFACT（ 美國） ? USA ANSI （ 美國和加拿大） ? Typical Flow of EDI Messages – one order seven messages!! EDI The Infrastructure for B2B (cont.) RFQ = Request for Proposal . = Purchasing Order Buyer Supplier RFQ Response to RFQ Purchase Order . Acknowledgement Purchase Order Change . Change Acknowledgement Functional Acknowledgement (for each Transaction ) EDI應(yīng)用 ? 零售商（沃爾馬、 Toys R Us等）、制造商（寶潔、豐田、聯(lián)合利華） ? EDI的價(jià)值： – 使企業(yè)在全范圍迅速發(fā)送和接受大量常規(guī)事務(wù)信息 – 作為計(jì)算機(jī)間的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸，出錯(cuò)的可能很小 – 信息可以在多個(gè)伙伴間內(nèi)容一致且自由流動(dòng) – 公司可以訪問業(yè)務(wù)伙伴的數(shù)據(jù)庫，獲取和存儲(chǔ)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)事務(wù)信息 – 促進(jìn)真正（戰(zhàn)略）伙伴關(guān)系建立，因這需要長(zhǎng)期投資和長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的系統(tǒng)改進(jìn) – 建立完全無紙化辦公，節(jié)省成本，提升效率 – 收款過程縮短數(shù)星期 – 數(shù)據(jù)可以離線批量輸入，不占用主機(jī)端口 – 接受 EDI數(shù)據(jù)后，可以立即使用 – 銷售信息同時(shí)傳輸給制造商、裝運(yùn)商、倉庫 – 節(jié)約大量金錢 從傳統(tǒng) EDI到基于互聯(lián)網(wǎng) EDI ? Fewer than 100,000 Cs on EDI (1998) ? 限制 EDI應(yīng)用的因素 Factors limiting businesses to benefit from the traditional EDI –初期投資 Significant initial investment is needed –業(yè)務(wù)流程再造 Restructuring business processes is necessary to fit the EDI requirements and standards –長(zhǎng)的啟動(dòng)時(shí)間 Long startup time is needed –專用增值網(wǎng) Use of Private VANs is necessary –較高的運(yùn)營成本 High EDI operating cost is needed –多個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn) There are several EDI standards –使用復(fù)雜 The EDI system is plex to use –需要翻譯器將事務(wù)文檔轉(zhuǎn)換成 EDI代碼 ? 傳統(tǒng) EDI應(yīng)滿足下述條件 Traditional EDI does not meet following requirements: –允許更多公司使用 Enable more firms to use EDI –允許 EDI集成到既有系統(tǒng)中 Encourage full integration of EDI into trading partner business processes –簡(jiǎn)化 EDI實(shí)施 Simplify EDI implementation –擴(kuò)展在線交換能力 Expand the capabilities of online information exchange 從傳統(tǒng) EDI到基于互聯(lián)網(wǎng) EDI (cont.) ? 促使企業(yè)開展網(wǎng)上 EDI的原因 Reasons for firms to create the ability to change transactions over the Inter – 公網(wǎng)、新的應(yīng)用 The Inter is a publicly accessible work with few geographical constraints. Its largest attribute, largescale connectivity (without the need to have special pany working architecture) is a seedbed for growth of a vast range of business applications. – 廣泛接觸客戶的可能性 The Inter global interwork connections offers the potential to reach the widest possible number of trading partners of any viable alternative currently available. 從傳統(tǒng) EDI到基于互聯(lián)網(wǎng) EDI (cont.) ? Reasons – 節(jié)省成本 Using the Inter can cut munication cost by over 50%. – 與 Web應(yīng)用的多樣性一致 Using the Inter to exchange EDI transactions is consistent with the growing interest of business in delivering an everincreasing variety of products and services electronically, particularly through the Web. – 可以補(bǔ)充或取代傳統(tǒng) EDI:Interbased EDI can pliment or replace current EDI systems. – 工具友好 Inter tools such as browsers and search engines are very user friendly and most users today know how to use them. – 額外的功能：合作、工作流、搜索引擎 從傳統(tǒng) EDI到基于互聯(lián)網(wǎng) EDI (cont.) 基于互聯(lián)網(wǎng) EDI的類別 ? 取代專用網(wǎng)的電子郵件 Email for EDI massage transporting in place of VAN ? 外網(wǎng)，輸入 EDI對(duì)應(yīng)的信息 Extra for trading partners to enter information in Web format corresponding to that of EDI ? 提供托管服務(wù) Webbase EDI hosting services (third parties) ? Web, XML, Java make EDI interactive ? Move to inter EDI的未來 ? Forrester（ 2022） 調(diào)查：財(cái)富 1000強(qiáng)中的 50強(qiáng)，近半數(shù)計(jì)劃轉(zhuǎn)到基于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的 EDI， 近 16%的流量將從專網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)到互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上。由 Inter將訂單傳到專網(wǎng)上，由他們將數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)成 EDI格式，然后數(shù)據(jù)送到自己的主機(jī)。 ? 寶潔：傳統(tǒng) EDI， 涉及 4000個(gè)業(yè)務(wù)伙伴；互聯(lián)網(wǎng)EDI,涉及上萬家供應(yīng)商。 –在買方市場(chǎng)，再與之相反； –在中介主導(dǎo)的市場(chǎng)，買賣雙方都無法簡(jiǎn)單的整合到自己的