【正文】
使我們具有掌握查閱規(guī)范、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)設(shè)計(jì)圖集,產(chǎn)品目錄的方法,提高計(jì)算、繪圖和編寫設(shè)計(jì)說明的水平,作好一個(gè)工程師的基本訓(xùn)練。提高方案的比較、技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)、環(huán)境、社會(huì)等諸方面的綜合分析和論證能力。熟練專業(yè)軟件應(yīng)用。s lives and production activities are closely related, as part of a fault may be on people39。 At the same time, people in the life of the production process to use the effluent water pooling and transported to a suitable site for purification of up to a certain quality standard, or repeated use, or irrigation or discharged into the water body.Indoor water supply and drainage project is the task of distribution of outdoor water supply system to supply water purification organizations in all indoor water, the sewage will be used to water to remove outdoor pool drainage systems.Does for the project class specialized student, the practice study and the design is our own knowledge acquisition and the experience best link. Moreover in the graduation project undergraduate course plan of instruction the essential link, after the undergraduate course stipulates the practical education which pletes the plete curriculum to have to carry on, the student through the graduation project, the synthesis utilizes the elementary theory, the basic skill which and deepens studies, trains the student independently to analyze and to solve the question ability, can enable the student through the graduation project to haveGrasps the consult standard, the standard design atlas, the product catalog method, enhances the putation, the cartography and the pilation design explanation level, finishes an engineer39。二、 原始資料城市總平面圖1張,比例為1:10000。2) B工廠,日用水量8000噸/天,最大班用水量:3000噸/班,工人總數(shù)5000人,分三班工作,最大班2000人,熱車間占 30 %,使用淋浴者占 80 %;一般車間使用淋浴者占 40 %。城市土質(zhì)種類為粘土,地下水位深度為 8 米。城市地面覆蓋情況:地面種類面積(%)屋面50混凝土路面20草地30該城市居住區(qū)每小時(shí)綜合生活用水量變化如下表:時(shí)間01122334455667788991010111112用水量時(shí)間121313141415151616171718181919202021212222232324用水量三、課程設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容:城市給水管網(wǎng)擴(kuò)初設(shè)計(jì)1) 城市給水管網(wǎng)定線(包括方案定性比較);2) 用水量計(jì)算,管網(wǎng)水力計(jì)算;3) 清水池、水塔容積計(jì)算、水泵揚(yáng)程計(jì)算4) 管網(wǎng)校核;5) 繪圖(平面圖、等水壓線圖)城市排水管網(wǎng)擴(kuò)初設(shè)計(jì)。該城市的地勢相對比較平坦沒有太大的起伏變化。因而采用統(tǒng)一的給水系統(tǒng)??紤]要點(diǎn)有以下:① 定線時(shí)干管延伸方向應(yīng)和二級泵站輸水到水池、水塔、大用戶的水流方向一致。② 循水流方向,以最短的距離布置一條或數(shù)條干管,干管位置從用水量較大的街區(qū)通過。④ 干管按照規(guī)劃道路定線,盡量避免在高級路面或重要道路下通過,盡量少穿越鐵路。⑤ 干管與干管之間的連接管使管網(wǎng)成環(huán)狀網(wǎng)。⑥ 力求以最短距離鋪設(shè)管線,降低管網(wǎng)的造價(jià)和供水能量費(fèi)用。 給水管網(wǎng)設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算城市最高日用水量包括綜合生活用水、工業(yè)生產(chǎn)用水、職工生活用水及淋浴用水、市政用水、未預(yù)見用水和管網(wǎng)漏失水量。d)。最高日綜合生活用水量Q1 : Q1=qNfQ1―—城市最高日綜合生活用水,q――城市最高日綜合用水量定額,L/();N――城市設(shè)計(jì)年限內(nèi)計(jì)劃用水人口數(shù);f――城市自來水普及率,采用f=100%Q1=qNf=35011702=409570(1)工業(yè)企業(yè)職工的生活用水量Q2:工廠職工生活用水量采用一般車間每人每班25L,高溫車間每人每班35L計(jì)算.Q2=Q+ Q=【(25120070%+35120030%)+(25180070%+35180030%)+25500070%+35500030%】/1000=224(2)工業(yè)企業(yè)職工的淋浴用水量Q3:淋浴用水按一般車間每人每班40L,高溫車間每人每班60L計(jì)算.A工廠: 水量:3000+3000=(m3/d)B工廠:淋浴用水量:5000+5000=104(m3/d)Q3=+104=(m3/d)(3)工業(yè)生產(chǎn)用水量Q4:Q4=16000+8000=24000(m3/d);每天澆灑2次。Q7=(Q1 +Q2+Q3+Q4+Q5+Q)18%=435736=(m3/d):Q8=Q1 +Q2+Q3+Q4+Q5+Q6+ Q7 = (m3/d) 根據(jù)《建筑設(shè)計(jì)防火規(guī)范》該城市消防用水量定額為100L/s,同時(shí)火災(zāi)次數(shù)為3次,延續(xù)時(shí)間為2個(gè)小時(shí)。則消防儲(chǔ)水量為: W2=310023600/1000=2160 m33. 水廠自用水量計(jì)算 水廠沖洗濾池和沉淀池排泥等生產(chǎn)用水量,一般按最高日用水量的5%10%計(jì)算,取5%進(jìn)行計(jì)算。則清水池的安全儲(chǔ)水量為:W4=(w1+W2+W3)=5. 清水池的有效容積計(jì)算 清水池的有效容積為以上四部分的和,故清水池的有效容積為: W=(1+)(w1+W2+W3)= 清水池的個(gè)數(shù)一般不少于兩個(gè),并能單獨(dú)工作和分別放空。 從各時(shí)段城市用水量變化情況表中可知:38節(jié)點(diǎn)處有A、B廠。② 為可靠供水,從二級泵站到控制點(diǎn)之間選定幾條主要的平行干管線,這些平行干管中盡可能均勻的分配流量,并且滿足節(jié)點(diǎn)流量平衡的條件。管徑與設(shè)計(jì)流量的關(guān)系:q=Av=πD2v/4D=(4q/πv)公式中 D—管段管徑,m; q—管段計(jì)算流量,m/s; ?。痢芏芜^水?dāng)嗝婷娣e,m2 v—設(shè)計(jì)流速,m/s;設(shè)計(jì)中按經(jīng)濟(jì)流速來確定管徑平均經(jīng)濟(jì)流速與管徑的確定管徑/mm平均經(jīng)濟(jì)流速/(m/s)D=100~400D≥400~~流量分配,管徑選擇如下:最大時(shí)流量初步分配最大時(shí)設(shè)計(jì)流量, L/s流量初步分配如下表:(最高用水時(shí))(表26)環(huán)號管段編號管長/m管徑/mm初分配流量(L/s)影響1環(huán)121069150021216113760021615388150021151480315002114131641500211317411500212環(huán)23506150021317593600617185711504181645515003162113760013環(huán)161845515002181974515004192528215002543525265443002126413004002141424065002142161863600214環(huán)17185711502181974515003192080060052017112840065環(huán)19208006004202391560072324791150021242543015002125192821500254336環(huán)173593600231010791400910215227008212027850072017112840047環(huán)20212785006212296450082227703600112723573150021232091560058環(huán)2110522600610999813001092296460012222196450079環(huán)34880600214574450021512548400101211443500101110316500101031079500610環(huán)109998130089883350021874792502176311250216545740090215125484009121144350091110316500911環(huán)22277036007272813571400212829104660013292212357001212環(huán)2229123570011293011538002130969990021922964600813環(huán)283288114002132311075800163129123660021292810466001114環(huán)3334878700400213435128760021353698930021363312134501515環(huán)333612134501436377691501021373210978001632335749002116環(huán)32371097800153743573700214340132260021403812904001738311164110021313210758001317環(huán)384012904001640392566600250213938139490021表26以最高日最高時(shí)用水量確定的管徑為基礎(chǔ),將最高時(shí)用水量分配、管段流量進(jìn)行管網(wǎng)平差,詳細(xì)采用哈工大平差軟件。依此每條輸水管渠的管徑選為1000mm,=,局部水頭損失按沿程水頭損失的10%計(jì)算,= 。水泵安全揚(yáng)程為2m,吸水管長度取20m,其水頭損失計(jì)算得:,+=。最大時(shí)水泵揚(yáng)程H1=∑h+32+2+++= 消防校核該市同一時(shí)間火災(zāi)次數(shù)為三次,一次滅火用水量為100L/S,從安全和經(jīng)濟(jì)角度考慮,失火點(diǎn)設(shè)在2節(jié)點(diǎn)和40節(jié)點(diǎn)和29處,消防時(shí)管網(wǎng)各節(jié)點(diǎn)的流量除29節(jié)點(diǎn)各附加100L/S的消防流量外,其余各節(jié)點(diǎn)的流量按路線以管線分配