【正文】 工件的質(zhì)量、壽命以及模具精度，而且還能減少調(diào)試模具所用的時間，導(dǎo)向裝置設(shè)計需要注意的主要事項：（1）導(dǎo)柱與導(dǎo)套應(yīng)在模具工作前或凸模接觸到工件前要充分閉合，且此時應(yīng)保證導(dǎo)柱頂部要與上模座之間有10~15mm的距離；（2）導(dǎo)柱、導(dǎo)套與上、下模板裝配后，導(dǎo)柱與下模座的下平面、導(dǎo)套與上模座的上平面不能夠完全重合，它們需要有一定的間隙；（3）當(dāng)沖模受到較大的側(cè)向壓力時，模座上需要安裝止推墊，防止導(dǎo)柱、導(dǎo)套受到壓力而損壞；（4），為了使導(dǎo)向裝置良好的工作，需要在導(dǎo)套上開排氣孔以排除空氣。 圖45 凸模墊板 第5章 模具的裝配與調(diào)整沖模的裝配是沖模制造中的關(guān)鍵工序。 尤其是有些沖模尺寸是和幾個沖模零件的尺寸有關(guān)聯(lián)的。 。既要符合圖紙要求，又要達(dá)到四周間隙均勻。上模沿導(dǎo)柱上下滑動應(yīng)平穩(wěn)、靈活、無阻滯。 沖模的裝配是沖模制造中的關(guān)鍵工序。沖模的導(dǎo)向零件是保證上、下模的相對位置正確性。 沖壓用的板料毛坯的定位尺寸是直接影響制件質(zhì)量和材料消耗的，必須要達(dá)到圖紙設(shè)計要求。 將沖模安裝到壓力機(jī)上的有關(guān)尺寸，設(shè)計時是根據(jù)用戶使用的壓力機(jī)和生產(chǎn)條件所確定的。（槽）應(yīng)暢通無阻。對于圓孔凹模，在鉆線切割工藝孔時，應(yīng)一并將漏料孔鉆出（若有因工藝問題不能預(yù)先鉆出，則按工藝要求執(zhí)行），裝配好的模具，落料孔或出屑槽應(yīng)暢通無阻，保證制件或廢料能自由排出。 尤其是緊固螺釘和定位銷應(yīng)保證與其孔的配合良好。并且它給了我們一次完整的、有條理的梳理我們以往所學(xué)的知識的機(jī)會。再設(shè)計過程中，對摩托車啟動電機(jī)殼體的結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了分析，擬定和確定加工方案，選擇模具結(jié)構(gòu)，經(jīng)過計算確定模具各零件的尺寸。在整個設(shè)計過程中我解決了模具刃口尺寸的計算、模架尺寸的確定、壓力機(jī)的選用、模具結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)想等問題。經(jīng)過畢業(yè)設(shè)計，對我個人而言，我得到了一次理論知識應(yīng)用與實踐的機(jī)會。在本次設(shè)計中我得到了以下結(jié)論：，必須學(xué)會查閱資料。，只有不斷的與他人進(jìn)行交流，才能不斷的完善自己的設(shè)計，閉門造車并不能做出好的設(shè)計。，我們需要不斷的改正錯誤，才能做出好的設(shè)計。 謝 辭本設(shè)計是在張慶豐張老師的關(guān)懷和悉心指導(dǎo)下完成的。而且在初步完成裝配圖及零件圖繪制后，糾正了設(shè)計中很多問題。另外我還需要感謝我的同學(xué)，他們不僅提供了一部分有關(guān)模具的資料，并且給我指出了設(shè)計過程中的錯誤，有了他們的幫助，我才能更好的完善我的設(shè)計。 the normal wear stage, the wear of the parts tend to be gentle, then die in best condition, production efficiency was the best level, the assurance of the quality of the products。 quenching temperature is too high, easy to cause grain growth, so that the steel exhibits brittle, and crack, tipping, breakage and other accidents, often die in contrast, the quenching temperature is too low, the pressive strength of steel is low, the easy drum line failure. To die with different materials, according to the organization form of requirements, selection of different cooling rates, for high alloy steels, because of the alloy elements contained more, quenching is low, can be used in oil cooling, air cooling, even the isothermal quenching, quenching process. Strengthening of the die surface is a very important way to improve the service life of die, nitriding, carburizing and boronizing, chrome etc all have certain effect, when the strengthening process control is not strict or strengthening methods are not at that time, it is impossible to obtain the desired effect, but to guide early failure of die.5. Various operating conditionsSuch as forging temperature, lubricant and lubrication method, cooling speed, welding, preheating temperature and equipment and so on the durability of the die has great influence. Must be strictly controlled, used properly, can play the performance of die material and die life is higher, the repair welding welding is easy to appear the crack, due to tension and pression, the role of alternating stress, crack propagation die so that shorten the service life. of die temperatureDie working temperature can be divided into low temperature, ambient or alternating temperature of several state, have a considerable impact on the wear resistance of the steel temperature. Usually in 250 degrees below the main oxidation wear, namely between die docking or die and workpiece relative friction, the formation of oxide film and repeated formation and spalling, smaller amount of wear。 higher than 300 degrees and oxidation wear, wear volume tend to decrease, but the temperature is too high, the die hardness decreased significantly, adhesion phenomenon aggravating, and even the formation of large area of sintering and melt wear. Ways to improve the durability of the stamping die1. Improvement in the design of dieWhether reasonable die design is the basis of improving the durability of the stamping die. Therefore, adverse condition in the die design to product forming process to take effective measures to improve the durability of, die design, such as the service life of the die hole is often manifested in the punch holes. For this type of die, the design should make the punch tiny try to shorten the length, in order to increase the strength, at the same time, also should adopt methods of the guide sleeve is to enhance the protection of small punch. In addition, in die design, full consideration should be given to the fixed form, convex and concave mold base and oriented form, the determination of the pressure center and, rigidity of the formwork etc.. Especially for blanking die, select the gap value has a great influence on durability. In the design, the die39。 In the modern manufacturing industry, no matter which industry, engineering equipment, are increasingly used to provide the products from the mold industry. 為了適應(yīng)用戶對模具制造的高精度、短交貨期、低成本的迫切要求，模具工業(yè)正廣泛應(yīng)用現(xiàn)代先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)來加速模具工業(yè)的技術(shù)進(jìn)步，滿足各行各業(yè)對模具這一基礎(chǔ)工藝裝備的迫切需求。s highprecision mold manufacturing, short delivery time, the urgent demand lowcost, mold industry is extensive application of modern advanced manufacturing technology to speed up the mold industry, technological progress, to meet the basic sectors of the mold process equipment urgent needs. Improve the service life of die will facilitate the development of mold industry better, is conducive to the promotion of economic development.提高沖壓模具工作耐用度的措施 沖壓模具是沖壓生產(chǎn)中的重要工藝設(shè)備，是提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量、節(jié)約原材料、體現(xiàn)模制品技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)性的有效手段。一副沖模從設(shè)計、機(jī)械加工、裝配、調(diào)整到安裝使用，工序多，周期長，加工費用高，因此，對于沖模除了要求生產(chǎn)效率高、所沖出零件完全符合質(zhì)量要求和技術(shù)條件外，沖模本身的耐用度也是很重要的。沖模在結(jié)構(gòu)有嚴(yán)重缺陷而不能繼續(xù)使用或雖能工作但已不能完成指定的功能時，就可以認(rèn)為已失效。 沖模耐用度高低，在生產(chǎn)中有很重要的意義。 沖模的失效形式 實際生產(chǎn)中沖模的失效現(xiàn)象相當(dāng)頻繁，沖模消耗量大。 磨損失效 沖模的工作部分應(yīng)具有較高的耐磨性。初期部分零件表面粗糙不平部分被迅速磨去，因此磨損速度很快；正常磨損階段，零件的磨損趨于平緩，這時沖模處于最佳的技術(shù)狀態(tài)，生產(chǎn)效率呈現(xiàn)出最好的水平，產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量最有保證；過了正常磨損期零件磨損超過一定限度，正常磨損關(guān)系被破壞，接觸情況惡化，磨損速度加快，沖模工作性能也迅速下降，如果不及時維修或更換磨損件，沖模會產(chǎn)生事故、失去功能，以致報廢。沖模在使用過程中，因各種載荷及交變溫度的影響，以及材料本身的性能變化，造成剛性和韌性不足，導(dǎo)致沖模不能正常工作而失效。有些沖模在工作過程中處于反復(fù)加熱和冷卻狀態(tài)，使其表面受到拉、壓交變應(yīng)力的作用，引起表面脆裂和剝落，增大摩擦阻力，阻礙工件的塑性變形，以致沖模失效。 影響沖模耐用度的原因 結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計不合理的影響 沖模結(jié)構(gòu)是影響沖模耐用度的關(guān)鍵，結(jié)構(gòu)不合理容易造成剛性差和壁厚分布不均勻，以及表面缺陷（如表面氧化、脫碳、裂痕、疤痕）都會影響材料的性能，造成沖模的早期失效。夾雜物使沖模內(nèi)部產(chǎn)生裂紋，引起脆性斷裂，在進(jìn)一步的熱處理和使用中，該裂紋進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)展而引起沖模開裂。含有較高的炭和合金元素，有較多的共晶化合物，導(dǎo)致淬火時常常出現(xiàn)沿著帶狀碳化物分布的裂紋，沖模在使用過程中裂紋進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)展，造成沖模開裂。電加工時，沖模被加熱到高溫度，使組織發(fā)生變化，即電加工異常層受到交變應(yīng)力的反復(fù)作用，微裂紋變成大裂紋，導(dǎo)致沖模開裂而報廢。 沖模熱處理規(guī)范的影響 沖模在機(jī)械加工后都應(yīng)進(jìn)行淬火、回火等熱處理。模具鋼中含有較多的炭和較多的合金元素，導(dǎo)熱性差，加熱的速度