【正文】 presenteg: if she eats pizza, then she bees ill.: if present, then can or mayIf she eats pizza, then she may boe ill.： if present, then futureIf she eats pizza tomorrow, then she will bee ill. ： if hypothetical subjunctive, then conditionalIf she ate pizza tomorrow, then she would bee ill.：if past perfect, then conditional perfectIf she had eaten pizza yesterday, then she would have bee ill.1命令性的虛擬語(yǔ)氣比假設(shè)虛擬語(yǔ)氣在gmat考試中重要。形容詞性的命令詞匯既可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，也可用不定式：如essential, advisable, crucial, desirable, fitting, imperative, important, mandatory, necessary, preferable, urgent, vital1避免在whether后面用命令性虛擬語(yǔ)氣。1由于gmat考試傾向于簡(jiǎn)潔有效，所以被動(dòng)要優(yōu)于主動(dòng)。如：當(dāng)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者by 的形式在劃線部分以外的時(shí)候，可以使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Wrong： The shuttle launch seen around the world by people of all ages, all races , and all religions. Right： The shuttle launch WAS seen around the world by people of all ages, all races, and all religions.所以當(dāng)做題的時(shí)候，不用去轉(zhuǎn)換主被動(dòng)，要注意的是去選擇主被動(dòng)平行的句子。當(dāng)做到對(duì)比時(shí)，首先要找到標(biāo)志短語(yǔ)，其次找到句子對(duì)比的兩部分，最后確保進(jìn)行比較的兩部分是平行的。 其它標(biāo)志詞likeAsUnlikeAs（adj.）asMore than As much asLess thanAs little asFaster than As fast asDifferent fromThe same asIn contrast to/withlike和as用得很普遍，要注意區(qū)分。而as既可以做介詞又可以作連詞，可以接名詞又可以接從句。（1）邏輯上平行，即對(duì)比的兩部分要是相同的東西。即對(duì)比的兩部分結(jié)構(gòu)上要平行。后面的部分即可以指單數(shù)，也可以指復(fù)數(shù)，關(guān)鍵是對(duì)比的事物要相同，邏輯上講得通。不要隨便省略助動(dòng)詞，除非助動(dòng)詞會(huì)使句子wordy不能因?yàn)檫x項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)很多助動(dòng)詞而隨便的排除。以ly結(jié)尾的副詞的比較級(jí)是more +副詞，不能改成er形式比較級(jí)中一定要有一個(gè)than從別人的總結(jié)里看到的，寫(xiě)的很好~ 補(bǔ)充一下：比較時(shí)注意：1. 比較時(shí)候， 謂語(yǔ)補(bǔ)出2. 比較對(duì)象在句子中的作用（1） Like (in contrast to) 比較兩個(gè)名詞， 比較對(duì)象在句子中作主語(yǔ)（2） 主語(yǔ)/ 賓語(yǔ)+ 狀語(yǔ)的比較形式： more adj + than those/ noun (of ) + 狀語(yǔ)The clothes hanging on the racks inside the store looked more appealing than those in the store window.(3)there be 的比較要抄寫(xiě)there be 部分There are about many gym members in the boxing class there are in the aerobics class.(4) more / greater than, 和as 的比較部分盡量動(dòng)詞補(bǔ)出。 In the United States, farmers can usually depend on rain or snow all year long, but in most parts of Sri Lanka the rains.比較舉例：1. Like n1…, n2 (主語(yǔ)) + verb….Unlike n1.., n2 (主語(yǔ)) + verb..2. In contract to n1…, n2 + verb..3. In parison with x, y….Compared to x, y….4. Likening ..to 的比較 ，動(dòng)詞不補(bǔ)出Most of the audience did not enjoy the concert, likening it to the grinding of metal.5. More + adj + than （1）n1 + 狀語(yǔ)（比較對(duì)象）+ verb + more + adj/adv + than those + 狀語(yǔ)The clothes hanging on the racks inside the store looked more appealing than those in the store window.(2) 比較主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞補(bǔ)出The blue dress looks more flattering on you than the red one does.(3) 比較狀語(yǔ)的時(shí)候， 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞補(bǔ)出Three times more students attended the prom this year than did last year.(4) 前面多余2個(gè)動(dòng)詞， 比較對(duì)象的動(dòng)詞不補(bǔ)出Joe went to bed early because his will to succeed in the race the following morning was greater than his desire to play pool with his friends.(4) 有年代出現(xiàn)的時(shí)候用比較級(jí) 2000 years older than Carbon14 dating reveals that the megalithic monuments in Brittany are nearly 2,000 years older than any of their supposed Mediterranean predecessors6. As + adj + as 的整句比較（1）There be + as (adj )+ 比較對(duì)象1 as there be 比較對(duì)象2.There are about many gym members in the boxing class there are in the aerobics class.(2 ) 比較動(dòng)詞的時(shí)候一定要把主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)出主語(yǔ)+ 動(dòng)詞比較對(duì)象Julia was able to climb the tree as fast as her brothers did(3) as 后面省略了主語(yǔ) Americans. 當(dāng)比較部分主語(yǔ)相同時(shí)，這種省略是允許的。 ends 在句子改錯(cuò)中首先應(yīng)該考慮的是幾大原則：主謂一致、平行結(jié)構(gòu)、代詞指代、修飾詞、時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)和主被動(dòng)、對(duì)比、習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)。連詞： Runon sentence：一個(gè)正確的句子應(yīng)該有至少一個(gè)主句，當(dāng)多于兩個(gè)主句時(shí)必須注意要用并列連詞去連接兩個(gè)句子。如：Wrong： I need to relax, I have so many things to do!Right： I need to relax BUT I have so many things to do! 用and出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤：當(dāng)你發(fā)現(xiàn)有and時(shí)，思考它是不是：（1）a list（apples、grapes and pears）（2）連接兩個(gè)主句。解決方法是將不完整的句子與主句合并。Right：The term “Eurela,” meaning “I have found it” in ancient Greek， WAS famously uttered by Archimedes, AND ever since then, scientists have exclaimed the same word upon making important discoveries. 使and之前的句子完整了。主從連詞把一個(gè)句子變成從句來(lái)顯示主句與從句的關(guān)系，保證句子的和諧。常見(jiàn)的連詞有：And , or , nor, but, yet, although, when, because, for, since, before, after, if, unless 最后要注意主句后的句子是否是一個(gè)真正的句子。Gmat的出題人想讓你以為environmental damage是這個(gè)句子的主語(yǔ)，但實(shí)際上environmental damage不能一次做兩個(gè)成分：既是賓語(yǔ)（concern about）又是主語(yǔ)（may be）。 Citizens of many countries are expressing concern THAT the environmental damage caused by the widespread release of greenhouse gases may be impossible to reverse.解決方法2：把后面的句子變成名詞性修飾語(yǔ)。需要注意的是，不要用逗號(hào)+and去隔開(kāi)有同一個(gè)主語(yǔ)的兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞。也不要單獨(dú)用逗號(hào)去連接兩個(gè)句子。兩個(gè)敘述必須是獨(dú)立的句子。 doing everything together.（第二部分不是獨(dú)立的句子）Right： Andrew and Lisa are inseparable。如： Right： The dam has created dead zones, WHERE fish have disappeared.Wrong: The dam has created dead zones。如：Wrong：Andrew and Lisa are inseparable, therefore, we never see them apart.Right： Andrew and Lisa are inseparable。如：I listen to Earth, wind amp。 Wow, Owls。 Tears.分號(hào)用于對(duì)前一個(gè)句子的進(jìn)一步解釋或發(fā)展。分號(hào)前需要解釋的部分與分號(hào)后的部分要盡量的接近。1分號(hào)和冒號(hào)的區(qū)別在于：分號(hào)用于連接兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的從句；而冒號(hào)第二部分依賴于第一部分。略了。（1） the number 是單數(shù)， a number 是一個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)（2） 用the numbers of 必錯(cuò)。1 考察的第四項(xiàng)：increase和decrease與greater和less的區(qū)別。要注意increase和decrease與其它同義詞在一起會(huì)不簡(jiǎn)潔。如果能快速找到一些特征，會(huì)加快做題速度，也更確定。即：要簡(jiǎn)潔，也要弄明白句意。注意，一定要最后再考慮簡(jiǎn)潔，以免選項(xiàng)含有其它問(wèn)題。當(dāng)遇到一堆名詞性修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)，嘗試放入that從句，that從句要包含一個(gè)working verb。另一方面，介詞短語(yǔ)有時(shí)看起來(lái)要比從句短，但是如果缺少動(dòng)詞，介詞短語(yǔ)放一起比較難理解。表示idea的詞，像：hypothesis, belief, suggest 常常用這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)。這些詞后面跟that結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，that從句后是完整的句子。如：Wordy：The artist was influential to the movement. Better： The artist influenced the movement（4） 形容形式優(yōu)于名詞形式Wordy：She has the ability to juggle.Better： She is able to juggle.（5） 副詞形式優(yōu)于介詞短語(yǔ)。還要注意的一點(diǎn)是，避免不必要的情況下使用be。（6） 形容詞優(yōu)于有be的形容詞從句。（7） 盡量少用it is…that 結(jié)構(gòu)。 這些簡(jiǎn)潔的標(biāo)志幷不代表著是完全的公理，要辯證的看待。 簡(jiǎn)潔要避免句子過(guò)分的短。名詞形容詞結(jié)構(gòu)（一個(gè)名詞性修飾詞放在另一個(gè)名詞前）常常很簡(jiǎn)單，也容易出錯(cuò)，一般用n of n的形式。如：The honeybee population density the density of the honeybee populationThe honeybee population’s density 這個(gè)更不好了（2） 需要的時(shí)候要保留“that of”和“those of”。所以要加上that of但是在gmat考題中，很多情況下that 又是多余的，如：The fields I most enjoy are those of math and physics. The filed I most enjoy are math and physics （3） 在一些報(bào)道性的詞語(yǔ)后面一定跟著that。 名詞有兩種形式：物體名詞（表示物體的名詞：week、holiday），動(dòng)作名詞（change、pollution），二者不能平行。且只有復(fù)雜動(dòng)名詞才能動(dòng)作名詞