【正文】 速度和焊接電壓一定情況下，焊接電流在80A焊接下的金相組織： a）母材80A(200) b）焊縫80A(200) c）熔合區(qū)80A(200) d）熱影響區(qū)80A(200)圖42 焊接電流在80A下的金相組織圖a）為Q235鋼母材的組織圖，塊狀多面體組織為鐵素體，黑色多面體為珠光體，鐵素體和珠光體較為均勻分布著。圖c）為熔合區(qū)，由于焊縫與母材組織相近，熔合線只能從組織差異處依稀分辨出，圖上方為焊縫，晶內(nèi)為針狀鐵素體、粒狀貝氏體及少量珠光體。圖d）為焊縫熱影響區(qū)主要有鐵素體、珠光體、少量貝氏體和馬氏體組成，且晶粒較小。圖b）為焊縫區(qū)金屬中組織成塊狀分布，晶粒比較均勻化；在熱影響區(qū)，組織的晶粒有所長(zhǎng)大，顯微組織變得粗大而分布呈現(xiàn)樹枝狀。圖上方為焊縫，白色鐵素體沿柱狀晶界分布，少量無(wú)碳貝氏體由晶界向晶內(nèi)生長(zhǎng)，晶內(nèi)為針狀鐵素體、粒狀貝氏體及少量珠光體。圖d）為焊縫熱影響區(qū)主要有鐵素體、珠光體、少量貝氏體和馬氏體組成，且晶粒大小不一。下圖44為焊接速度和焊接電壓一定的情況下，焊接電流為160A焊接下的金相組織： a）母材160A(200) b）焊縫160(200) c）熔合區(qū)160A(200) d）熱影響區(qū)160A(200) 圖44 焊接電流在160A下的金相組織由圖44明顯可以看出在這一電流下焊接接頭的組織的粗化現(xiàn)象。圖b）為焊縫，其中晶粒粗大有氣孔、夾渣等焊接缺陷出現(xiàn)。圖d)為熱影響區(qū)近末端，圖左上角為完全正火區(qū)，近等軸狀晶粒，鐵素體和珠光體。圖右下角為母材，鐵素體與珠光體帶狀分布明顯。此外觀查到的組織隨焊接電流的變大，焊縫區(qū)、熔合區(qū)、和熱影響區(qū)組織晶粒逐漸粗化。焊接電流大時(shí)，焊接線能量大，冷卻速度較小，晶粒來得及長(zhǎng)大，最終硬度較大，焊接電流小時(shí)，焊接線能量小，冷卻速度較大，焊縫組織中柱狀晶細(xì)長(zhǎng)，對(duì)焊接接頭的熱影響區(qū)而言，電流增大時(shí)，單位時(shí)間輸人的熱量高，熔池溫度高，高溫停留時(shí)間長(zhǎng)，焊件所受的熱影響較大，因此出現(xiàn)相應(yīng)區(qū)域內(nèi)晶粒隨之增大的現(xiàn)象。但過大的焊接電流使焊縫形狀系數(shù)變小，焊縫樹枝晶對(duì)向生長(zhǎng)，容易產(chǎn)生結(jié)晶裂紋。 參考文獻(xiàn)[1] ：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，2007年11月.[2] :.[3] :機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，2012年1月.[4] . 北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，2009年12月.[5] :.[6] :.[7] :.[8] :機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，2012年6月.[9] :化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社2009年3月.[10] :機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，2009年1月.[11] :機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，2010年1月.[12] 吳樹雄、:.[13] 雷玉成、陳希章、:.[14] ：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社2010年3月.[15] :機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，2008年6月.[16] ——:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，2010年10月.[17] . 北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，2010年9月.致謝 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)是我們作為學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)階段的最后一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)，是對(duì)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和專業(yè)知識(shí)的一個(gè)綜合應(yīng)用，是一種綜合的在學(xué)習(xí)、再提高的過程，這一過程對(duì)我的學(xué)習(xí)能力和獨(dú)立思考及工作能力也是一個(gè)培養(yǎng)。在完成畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)期間我盡量把畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)和實(shí)際工作有機(jī)的結(jié)合起來，實(shí)踐與理論相結(jié)合。在完成畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的這段時(shí)間里，我的收獲很多。在此感謝學(xué)校給我們這次將三年所學(xué)的知識(shí)綜合應(yīng)用的機(jī)會(huì)，讓我們回首三年的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)滴滴。其次感謝在此期間給我?guī)椭c鼓勵(lì)的同學(xué)。而且大大提高了動(dòng)手的能力，使我充分體會(huì)到了在創(chuàng)造過程中探索的艱難和成功時(shí)的喜悅。 王國(guó)峰 2014年3月Weld robot application present conditionAccording to inpletely statistics, the whole world about has in the industrial robot of service nearly half of industrial robots is used for multiform weld to process realm, weld robot of application in mainly have two kinds of methods most widespreadly, then order Han and electricity Hu we say39。It is still a kind of labor condition bad, many smoke and dust, hot the radiation is big, risk Gao of emergence of the industrial robot makes people naturally thought of first the handicraft that replace a person with it welds and eases the welder39。t seem to be industrial the other in the manufacturing to process the examination of process so easily, therefore, welding the application of robot is to used for to give or get an electric shock the process of Hu Han in the beginning.Actually, industrial robot at welded the application of realm to produce online electric resistance to order a Han beginning from the car assemble at the earliest reason lies in the process that the electric resistance orders Han opposite more simple, control convenient, and not need Han to sew a track follow, to the accuracy of the robot and repeat the control of accuracy have lower the Han robot assembles to produce a great deal of online application to consumedly raise the rate of production that the car assemble welds and weld quality in the car, at the same time again have a gentle characteristics for welding, then want ～only change procedure, can produce in the same online carry on assemble to weld to different cars type.BE born till the beginning of this 8039。s, along with the rapid development of calculator technique, microelectronics technique, and network technique...etc., the robot technique is also flown soon a manufacturing level, control speed and control accuracy and dependable sex etc. of industrial robot continuously raises, but manufacturing cost and price of robot continuously social in the west, with contrary robot price BE, the person39。But robot under the sistuation that consider a quality factor the price index number is lower than 20, lowered 80%, under the sistuation that take no account of a quality factor, the price index number of robot is about 40, lowered 60%.Here, the robot price that takes no account of a quality factor means actual price of the robot of now with pared in the past。s giving or getting an electric shock the biggest characteristics of Hu Han is gentle, can immediately pass to weave a distance at any time a change to weld a track and weld sequence, therefore most be applicable to quilt welder piece the species variety is big, the Han sew short but many, product with plicated at the right moment again characteristics according to car the renewal speed of the particularly modern social car style is very quick, adopting the car production line of robot material can nicely adapt to this kind of variety.Moreover, robot39。 welding usually can not solve with the welding of tradition method, have to adopt to lately weld a method and weld a them, Gao power laser Han and agitation rub Han etc. to have to develop a potential most .Therefore, robot and Gao power laser Han and agitation rub bining of Han to bee inevitable like the public in Shanghai to wait domestic to most have the car manufacturer of real strenght in fact at their new car type manufacturing process in have already in great quantities used robot laser to weld.Give or get an electric shock Hu Han to pare with robot, robot laser the Han of the Han sews to follow accuracy to have higher to the general request, the robot gives or gets an electric shock the Han of Hu Han(include GTAW and GMAW) to sew to follow accuracy to control in 1| of the electrode or the Han silk diameter 2 in, at have the condition that fill the silk under the Han sew to follow accuracy to loosen to laser Han, the laser projects light upon the light spot in the work piece surface while welding diameter usually at in, is farer small than Han silk diameter(be usually bigger than ), but the laser weld usually and not add to fill Han silk, therefore, the laser is weld