【正文】 [li:d, led] 領(lǐng)導 鉛 [39。nit] n. 花崗巖 托福聽力文本 詞匯注解（ TPO1TPO26） 張志軍 北京 8 Conversation two Narrator Listen to part of a conversation between a student and his professor. Professor Hi Mathew, I‘m glad you can e in today. You39。ve been reading over your observation notes and I‘m quite interested in what‘s going on, in particular what‘s the astronomy unit he‘s been teaching. Student The astronomy unit? Professor It seems that Mr. Grable has mastered the interdisciplinary approach to teaching — the way we39。t just teach them the names of the plas, he used it as a way to teach mythology. Professor Really! So, how did he do that? Student Well, some of the students could already name the plas, but they didn39。ve been talking about in our class. I‘m sure everyone can learn something from your experience. You know, Mathew, I‘d love for you to talk about this astronomy unit in class on Wednesday. Student Really?! Hmmm… Cause I don‘t really think I‘ll have any time to write my paper by then. Professor Oh, you won‘t need to write anything new just yet. For Wednesday, use your class observation notes and explain the things we39。ve been talking about early agriculture in the near east. So let‘s concentrate on one site and see what we can learn from it. Let‘s look at Catalhoyuk. Ah… I‘d better write that , that‘s about as close as we get in English. It‘s Turkish, really. The sites in modern day Turkey, and who knows what the original inhabitants called it. Anyway, uh…Catalhoyuk wasn 39。t just any stone they had, they had obsidian. And umm... obsidian is a black, volcanic, well, almost like glass. It flakes very nicely into really sharp points. The sharpest tools of the entire Stone Age were made of obsidian. And urrr... the people of Catalhoyuk got theirs from further inland, from central Turkey, traded for it, probably. Anyway, what I wanna focus on is the way the town was built. The houses are all rectangular , one story made of sun dried bricks. But what‘s really interesting is that there are no spaces between them, no streets in other words, and so generally no doors on the houses either. People walked around on the roofs and entered the house through a hatchway on the roof, down a wooden ladder. You can still see the diagonal marks of the ladders in the plaster on the inside walls. Once you were in the house, there would be one main room and a couple of small rooms for storage. The main room had the hearths, for cooking and for heat. It would39。?l?d?i] n. 考古學 , 古物 [,ni:?u39。presiv] a. 給人深刻印象的 , 威嚴的 [?b39。230。t230。h230。eksk?veit] , 挖開 , 發(fā)掘（古物） [39。si?ri?l] n. 谷類食品 , 谷類植物 [fleik] , 小片 , 火花 托福聽力文本 詞匯注解（ TPO1TPO26） 張志軍 北京 12 Lecture four Narrator Listen to part of a lecture in a biology class. Professor For today‘s discussion, we‘ll review the case study on how some animals have behaviorally adapted to their environments. Now you had to read about two animal species, the Eastern marmot and the Olympic marmot. Marmots are rodents. They are large ground squirrels, about the size of an average house cat. And they live in a variety of habitats. And even though they spend the significant portion of the year hibernating, according to this case study, marmots are still considered excellent subjects for animal behavioral studies. Why is that? Student Well, when they are not hibernating, you can find them in open areas. And they are pretty active during the day, which makes them easy to observe, right? Professor Uhha, so first let‘s discuss the Eastern marmots. They reside throughout the eastern region of North America where there is a temperate climate, where the growing season lasts for at least five months of the year, which is when they do all their mating, playing and eating. Student Oh, I see. At first I wasn39。s the amount of time it takes for them to grow, right? So it would be five months? Professor Umm? Oh, uh… I‘m sorry but no. It has nothing to do with that. It39。t ready for the real world because they are. Remember, they mature quickly and the weather‘s nice. Also they live in open fields where there is lots of edible vegetation. So roughly six weeks after birth, Eastern marmots are just old enough to take their chances of surviving in the temperate environment. So how does this relate to their behavior? Student Oh, I get it. Since the climate‘s not too bad, the Eastern marmots don39。t need to stay together as a family to survive either. Professor 托福聽力文本 詞匯注解（ TPO1TPO26） 張志軍 北京 13 Uhha. Any contrast, the Olympic marmots? What about them? Student Well, they live together as a family and take care of their young until they are at least two years old. They‘re really friendly with each other. And what I really like is that they even have greeting ceremonies. And they are not at all aggressive and territorial like the Eastern marmots. So their social behavior is so different from Eastern marmots because of the climate where they live? That seems so bizarre. Professor Well, the Olympic marmots inhabit meadows high in the Olympic Mountains where the weather conditions are much harsher. So there is a lot more wind and snow. The growing season only lasts about two to three months. So in that much shorter period of time, all the Olympic marmots, male and female, eat, play, work and nurture the young together. Because the climate is so harsh, cooperation increases the survival rate of the Olympic marmots. They keep their young at home until they are physically able to survive on their own. This could explain why the social behavior of the Olympic marmots is so unlike that of the Eastern marmots. [39。r?ud?nt] a.