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istreated Ischemic Stroke Patients Canada ? Of 400 eligible patients, 4% developed poststroke seizures: % within one week (early) and % after 1 week but within the hospital stay (late). ? Atrial fibrillation was more mon in those with (%) than without (%) seizures (P = ). ? Death during admission was more likely in those who sustained seizures (%) pared to those without seizures (%) (P = ) . Couillard P, et al. Neurocrit Care. 2022 Dec 13. [Epub ahead of print] Antidepressant use and risk of adverse outes in older people: population based cohort study UK ? 54,038 (%) patients received at least one prescription for an antidepressant during followup. ? epilepsy/seizures (, to ) ? Trazodone ? Mirtazapine ? Venlafaxine Coupland C, et al. BMJ, 2022, 2: 343 神經(jīng)外科 ? 頸動(dòng)脈內(nèi)膜切除術(shù)癇性發(fā)作是頸動(dòng)脈內(nèi)膜切除術(shù)圍手術(shù)期并發(fā)癥,發(fā)生率為 %1%,顯著低于卒中后的發(fā)生率。 再灌注損傷誘發(fā)癲癇持續(xù)狀態(tài) Silverman IE, Restrepo L,. Mathews Neurol. 2022。 P). ? Higher incidences were observed for seizure (P=). Vergouwen MD, et al. Stroke, 2022。首次或第二次卒中后癲癇發(fā)作后開始抗癲癇藥物( AEDs)治療的決定應(yīng)個(gè)體化,主要取決于首次癲癇發(fā)作對(duì)功能的影響以及患者的優(yōu)先選擇。 Ryvlin P, Montavont A, Nighoghossian N. Neurlology 2022。 ? 卒中發(fā)生時(shí)有癇性發(fā)作的患者,如果神經(jīng)功能缺損與急性腦缺血有關(guān),可以靜脈使用 rtPA (IV類證據(jù),優(yōu)良臨床實(shí)踐 )。 ? 可在 SAH后的超急性期 ,對(duì)患者預(yù)防性應(yīng)用抗驚厥藥 (Ⅱ b類,B級(jí)證據(jù) ) 。 ? 但若患者有以下危險(xiǎn)因素 ,如大腦中動(dòng)脈瘤、腦實(shí)質(zhì)內(nèi)血腫、腦梗死以及高血壓史等則可考慮使用抗驚厥藥 ( Ⅱ b類, B級(jí)證據(jù) ) 。 ? 對(duì)于無(wú)幕上腦實(shí)質(zhì)損傷,有癇性發(fā)作過(guò)一次的 CVT患者,推薦盡早啟動(dòng)抗癲癇治療并持續(xù)一段時(shí)間,可能預(yù)防癲癇進(jìn)一步發(fā)展( Ⅱ a, C)。 2022 AHA/ASA腦出血指南 ? 有臨床發(fā)作的癇樣發(fā)作需要抗癲癇治療 (Ⅰ 級(jí)推薦, A級(jí)證據(jù) ); (Revised from the previous guideline) ? 精神狀態(tài)的改變伴 EEG癲癇波的患者,應(yīng)給予抗癲癇治療(Ⅲ 級(jí)推薦, C級(jí)證據(jù) ); ? 不推薦預(yù)防性抗癲癇治療 (Ⅱ 級(jí)推薦, B級(jí)證據(jù) ); (New remendation) ? 卒中后 2~3個(gè)月再次發(fā)生的癇樣發(fā)作,按癲癇的常規(guī)治療進(jìn)行長(zhǎng)期藥物治療 (Ⅳ 級(jí)推薦, D級(jí)證據(jù) )。 2022 荷蘭 隨機(jī)對(duì)照安慰劑試驗(yàn) ? 卒中 7天內(nèi)口服左乙拉西坦 1500mg/d, 3個(gè)月 ? 結(jié)論:預(yù)防卒中后癲癇不可行 ? 入組率低: Only 16 patients were included in this trial. ? 癲癇發(fā)作的評(píng)估、合并用藥、出院后治療、藥物不良反應(yīng) van Tuijl JH,et al. Early treatment after stroke for the prevention of late epileptic seizures: a report on the problems performing a randomised placebocontrolled doubleblind trial aimed at , 2022,20(4):28591. 預(yù)防 ? 積極對(duì)腦血管疾病進(jìn)行一級(jí)、二級(jí)預(yù)防以降低腦卒中發(fā)病率是預(yù)防腦卒中后癲癇最有效的措施( 2022中國(guó)急性缺血性卒中診治指南) ? Gilad等進(jìn)行回顧性分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)缺血性卒中早期癲癇發(fā)作接受 2年治療的患者癲癇再發(fā)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)下降,但停止治療后癲癇風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與未接受治療的患者比較無(wú)顯著差異。12:39–43. Effects of epilepsy and selected antiepileptic drugs on risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, and death in patients with or without previous stroke: a nationwide cohort study Denmark ? Compared with Carbamazepine monotherapy: ? Valproate with a decreased risk of stroke (HR, 。 95%CI, ) ? Phenobarbital with increased risk of cardiovascular death (HR, 。 ? AEDs藥物影響卒中后恢復(fù)的可能性:苯妥英和苯二氮卓類藥物可能影響腦梗死后的功能預(yù)后。苯巴比妥、苯妥英和卡馬西平均是肝酶誘導(dǎo)劑,而苯妥英、苯二氮卓類藥物和丙戊酸與血漿蛋白高度結(jié)合,從而導(dǎo)致下列現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生:苯妥英和華法林的血漿濃度相互影響,從而使兩種藥物均很難維持在穩(wěn)定的治療范圍。 AEDs選擇的影響因素 ?根據(jù)目前有限的臨床數(shù)據(jù),我們似乎更應(yīng)該關(guān)注傳統(tǒng) AEDs對(duì)卒中恢復(fù)潛在的損害,而不是寄望于新型 AEDs神經(jīng)保護(hù)作用