【正文】 o books and a pen on the desk. 桌子上有兩本書和一支鉛筆。定冠詞the可以修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞，但是不可數(shù)名詞表類別時(shí)前面不加the。 The book on the desk is an English dictionary. 書桌上的那本書是一本英語詞典。 Close the door, please! 請關(guān)上門！（雙方都知道的那個(gè)門）復(fù)述上文提到過的人或事物。用在世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物或方位的名詞前。t.l What color are your shirts? —They are / They39。這里使用pink而不用blue是一種文字游戲。注意復(fù)數(shù)詞尾的發(fā)音：在元音后面s發(fā)/z/音。兩種拼寫方式都正確。bright是個(gè)形容詞=“shining/reflecting light”，如：the bright sun。 a bit dirty—a bit，程度副詞，與表語形容詞（即用在動詞后面的形容詞）連用以減弱其程度，=“slightly”（有點(diǎn)兒）。（比較Here it is，見第15課：代詞作主語時(shí)不倒裝。 pure white—復(fù)合形容詞。（比較wideawake）圖5：Two lovely clean shirts!—lovely沒有clean具體。其它：一、介詞at的用法：at作地點(diǎn)介詞時(shí)表示“就在旁邊”。 He is at the door. 他在門口。 The school is near the railway station. 學(xué)校在火車站附近。二者的區(qū)別 at意思是“在……附近”，實(shí)際距離就是近，我們所用的at the door，at the desk中at就表示“just outside”（就在外面），“just behind”（就在后面）這種意思。例如，你認(rèn)為2公里是“近”，他認(rèn)為10米是“近”。there是引導(dǎo)詞，本身無詞義be為謂語動詞，它后面的名詞用作主語，兩者必須取得數(shù)的一致，句子最后是地點(diǎn)（時(shí)間）狀語。 There is a dog under the bed. 床下有一條狗。 There is a noise in the livingroom. 客廳里面有動靜。一般疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)：Be there+名詞+地點(diǎn)/時(shí)間狀語？ there be句型的一般疑問句將be提到句子最前面即可。/不，客廳里沒有。There is a pen and two books on the desk. 桌子上有一支鉛筆和兩本書。三、定冠詞the的用法定冠詞the表示某一類人或事物中的“某一人”或“某一些”，相當(dāng)于漢語中的“這”或“那”。特指某（些）人或某（些）物。指聽話人與說話人彼此所熟悉的人或事。 There is a dress on the bed. The dress is red. 床上有件連衣裙，它是紅色的。 Which is the biggest, the sun, the earth or the moon? 太陽、地球和月亮，哪一個(gè)最大？聽力： This old house is near the river. Look at it. It’s quite a big house, and it’s old. There are twelve rooms in this house, but we can see four rooms. Look at the four rooms. The bathroom is empty, butthe other three rooms are not. There are three people in the house. There are two people downstairs, and there is someone upstairs, too. Who are these people? Look at the kitchen. The kitchen is downstairs. There is a cup of coffee on the table in the kitchen, And there’s a woman in the kitchen, too. Who is it?Ah, yes! It’s Dora. Dora is a housewife and a teacher. Now look at the livingroom. There is someone in the livingroom. Who is it? Ah, yes, that’s James. He’s Dora’s husband. He’s at his desk. He’s a writer, and he’s busy. But listen! There’s a noise upstairs. What’s that noise? Ahh! There’s someone upstairs. There is someone in Dora’s and James’s bedroom. Who is it? Dora and James are here. Their son, William, is at school. Their daughter, Ann, is at college. The children are not in the house. So what is that noise? What is that noise in the bedroom? I’m not sure. Are you sure? Who is upstairs? You decide!聽力：答案1 The people downstairs are Dora and James.2 Dora is in the kitchen. James is in the livingroom.3 The person upstairs is a burglar.寫問題1 Who is Karen?2 What is/What’s that?3 Who is/Who’s the woman in the yellow taxi?4 How are you?5 What do you do?6 Who is/Who’s that girl voer there?7 Which is your favourite pen?8 Where is/Where’s my new book?9 Where are my shirts?10 What colour are Robert’s new socks?Unit10 Jump in! 上車吧！句型與結(jié)構(gòu)詞：l Is your bag / Are your bags full?l my, you, his, her, our, your, theirl My bag is / My bag39。圖1：Hurry up! — 祈使句。Wait a minute! — 固定短語。圖2：Oh，no! — 表示沮喪。Our school buses are all full — our，第一人稱復(fù)數(shù)物主形容詞；all — 分配形容詞（distributive adjective），描述our buses。圖3－5：books，bags 名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化形式是在詞尾加s（見第17課shirts，pyjamas）。在/g/音后面讀作/z/，如在bags中。圖5：Gee! — 表示吃驚的感嘆詞。 full of — 表語形容詞+介詞，固定搭配。 books/people — 一般來說，復(fù)數(shù)名詞前不加冠詞。（person的復(fù)數(shù)通常是people而不是persons。 Mom — 美式英語；英式英語中是Mum。但是在更深的層次上，with的意思是“用”或者“可供使用”。 Jump in，and put your bags in，too! — 祈使句，固定用法。【注】“with（+形容詞）+名詞”構(gòu)成的介詞短語可作定語，放在其所修飾名詞的后面，表示名詞的特征。be full of有用法full表示“滿的，飽的”，of是一個(gè)常用的介詞，與be full連用構(gòu)成介詞短語，意思是“充滿，裝滿”， 后面加名詞作賓語?？偨Y(jié)：答案Lucy’s bag is heavy. Robert’s bag is heavy, too. The school buses are all full. Their bags are full of books, and the buses are full of people. Claire’s Mom’s car is empty.聽力：Karen: Lucy! Lucy! Is that you?Lucy: Yes, Mum! I’m upstairs. Just a minute!Karen: Oh, Lucy, there you are! Oh, dear! Where’s my bag?Lucy: Here it is! Look, Mum, here’s your bag, on the chair.Karen: Thank you. Lucy! Oh, dear! Where are my car keys? And my pen! Where’s my pen?... Oh, good, here it is! That’s the pen! Now — what about my keys?Lucy: It’s OK, Mum. Look! Your car keys are on the table.Karen: Oh, thank you, Lucy! What about my house keys? And where’s my mobile?Lucy: Look, Mum. It’s all OK. Please don’t worry! Here are your car keys. Your house keys are in your bag. Your mobile’s here in your bag. Just go! You’re fine!Karen: Oh, Lucy, thank you! But Lucy, what about the cat?Lucy: The cat? Oh, Mum! The cat’s fine! Please don’t worry about the cat! It’s all OK. Please just go!答案：Karen’s bag’s on the chair. Karen’s mobile is in her bag, too.Karen’s car keys are on the table. The cat’s fine.Karen’s house keys are in her bag. There isn’t a problem.Unit11 Very smart! 真神氣！句型與結(jié)構(gòu)詞：l this, these, that, thosel Is this / that Robert39。t.l Are these / those Paul39。t.l Is this / that your tie? —No, it isn39。s Robert39。t my books. They39。s.課文注釋：圖1：These — this的復(fù)數(shù)形式，指示代詞（比較This is my family，見第1課）。outfit意為“一整套衣服或設(shè)備”。 the school play — play，名詞，意為“a piece of theatre” smart — smart暗含的意思是“apt for the purpose”（適當(dāng)?shù)?，恰?dāng)?shù)模晕覀冇盟鼇肀硎尽皐ell－dressed/well－presented”（穿得好，穿戴得體）；它也有“suitably clever”（聰明的）的意思。 It — 單數(shù)代詞：It’s very colourful. It’s my favourite tie. — It回指tie。因此，funny可以指“strange”（奇怪的）或“l(fā)anghable”（可笑的）。 shoes — 單數(shù)是shoe，復(fù)數(shù)是shoes。 funny shoes — 復(fù)數(shù)名詞，指代一類事物時(shí)前面不加冠詞（單數(shù)形式是a funny shoe）。 big for/right for — big和right與for構(gòu)成固定搭配。在以英語為母語的人的信件、報(bào)道以及其他非正式文件中，讀者可能會見到“alright”的形式，但是，這種用法不正規(guī)，應(yīng)該避免使用。圖5：Where? 疑問副詞（比較Where’s she from?）。 They aren’t — 我們可以用縮略式aren’t來代替are not。圖6：socks — 規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)形式；復(fù)數(shù)詞尾s在/k/后發(fā)/s/音（比較books）。指示代詞包括：this、that、these、thos