【正文】 towards noise problem. Example: Parents and children think differently on this question. Parents hold that children should work hard and do well at school. Children, however, maintain that they should have freedom to spend their leisure time and to plan for their own future. 表示必須、緊急、有困難做某事的句型：1. It is important (necessary, urgent, difficult, easy, convenient, fortable, expensive, desirable, advisable) for sb. To do sth. Examples: 1) It is inevitable that the natural resources throughout the world are diminishing as the demand for them is on the increase. 2) It is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its industry and agriculture. 3) It is urgent for the government to take measures to control the birth rate in our country/to change deserts into farmland. 4) It is necessary to build more hospitals, shopping centers, recreation centers, cinemas, and other public facilities to meet the increasing needs of the people. trouble difficulty a hard time a difficult time 2. have (in) doing sth. (有困難做某事)Example: He has troubles finding a satisfactory job. have trouble with sth. (對…有困難，不好對付) Example: I have some trouble with my English study.常用諺語（在議論文中）：1. As a popular saying goes, “Every coin has two sides”. 2. As a proverb says, “Everything has two sides”. On the one hand, physical exercise is good for your health. On the other hand, if you don’t deal with it properly, it will do harm to your health. So we should look at the matter from two sides. 3. As a proverb says, “Where there is a will there is a way.” (有志者事竟成。)5. As is known to all, “No pains, no gains”. (沒有苦，就沒有甜。)7. More haste, less speed. (欲速則不達。)9. He who laughs last laughs best. (誰最后笑，誰笑得最好。Because As Now that Since 2. the demand has increased, the prices are higher. causesresults in leads to produces 3. An increase in demand higher prices. Therefore,As a result, For this reason, Because of this , Consequently,4. The demand has increased. the prices are higher.rise.go up. boost.are higher.5. If there is an increase in demand, then prices 譯：由于所有這因素，政府越來越多地依靠科學家來安排適當?shù)囊?guī)劃并付諸實踐。 2. It is obvious/clear that 愛心是一盞燈，越黑暗的地方，它越明亮。4. (It’s) no wonder…(難怪) 譯：他不努力工作，難怪他丟了工作。6. What is more important, 我們應該保持生態(tài)平衡。舉例表示法：1. For example, the people’s economic status has been greatly improved. 2. For instance, the economic status of the people has been improved. 3. Let’s have an example. TV sets, refrigerators and recorders have bee household necessities. 概述（用于圖表作文）：1. According to the figures given in the table, 中國的鋼產(chǎn)量已超過美國和日本，占世界第一。4. It can be seen from the statistics/picture that 隨著城市中汽車數(shù)量的不斷增加，空氣污染和噪音已成為威脅城市居民生存的主要公害。demand.population.prices.production.rise increase inedecreasedeclinereductionfall dropslightslowsteadyrapid 6. There is a in 譯：表中所給的數(shù)字表明，最近5年來人民的收入已有顯著增長。cars in cities students in the college traffic accidents Example: The number of has been on the rise increasedeclinedecreasein recent years. 結(jié)尾句型：1. In my opinion, I am in favor of owning a car. 2. Personally, I prefer to work in the country rather than in the city. 3. In short, parents and children should learn to get through to each other. Only in this way can the most difficult problems be solved properly. 4. In conclusion, we cannot achieve success without effort and hard work.5. As far as I am concerned, I agree with the opinion that “No pains no gains.”四、參考作文翻譯練習： （1）提綱式作文Road Accidents Outline:1. Losses caused by road accidents 2. Suggested ways to reduce road accidents 3. My ments 最近5年來道路事故的數(shù)目不斷上升，尤其在城市中。它們對國家和受害者的家庭造成了巨大的損失。 我想有幾個方法可以降低事故率。例如：應該投資更多的錢來建造新的公路，許多又老又窄城市街道應加寬或重建。最后，行人穿過繁華街道時應小心謹慎。隨著車輛不斷的增加，城市道路正變得越來越擁擠。我相信，交通狀況將會改善，盡管我們還有許多的困難要克服。隨著現(xiàn)代生活的節(jié)奏不斷加快，我們從早到晚總是感到忙忙碌碌。我們似乎覺得我們周圍人人都在拼命干?？梢姡诟偁幧鐣袎毫蜕钍怯坝〔浑x的。有些人認為，壓力并不是通常所認為的壞事。其他人則爭辯說，壓力加劇了精力的消耗，因此危害人的健康。 就個人而言，我贊成前一種觀點。依我看，只有當壓力失去控制時，它才會導致行為失調(diào)和身體不適。那表明至少有200萬年的時間間隔。到1960年又增加了10億，其間只有30年時間，從那時起，全球人口一直在上升，1975年總計為40億，只有15年又增加了10億。首先，在許多國家，尤其是發(fā)展中國家出身率持續(xù)上升。其次，西方國家結(jié)婚年齡在上升，這也促使了人口的下降。 依我看，人口增長的主要原因與其說是出生率的上升，還不如說是由于醫(yī)療保健的改善使死亡率下降了。書信作文的命題形式一般是給出英語或漢語的寫作提綱或其它指令性要求。 準備一個小本隨時記錄所讀到的優(yōu)秀句子、句型，并經(jīng)常背記。